Carnosine in health and disease

Abstract

Carnosine was originally discovered in skeletal muscle, where it exists in larger amounts than in other tissues. The majority of research into the physiological roles of carnosine have been conducted on skeletal muscle. Given this and the potential for muscle carnosine content to be increased with supplementation, there is now a large body of research examining the ergogenic effects (or otherwise) of carnosine. More recent research, however, points towards a potential for carnosine to exert a wider range of physiological effects in other tissues, including the brain, heart, pancreas, kidney and cancer cells. Taken together, this is suggestive of a potential for carnosine to have therapeutic benefits in health and disease, although this is by no means without complication. Herein, we will provide a review of the current literature relating to the potential therapeutic effects of carnosine in health and disease.     

运动员高原训练的营养补充

从高原训练产生的生理反应及原因出发阐述高原训练中运动员对热能和营养素的特殊要求。指出高原训练过程中运动员营养摄入要依据运动员的训练水平与身体状况进行,均衡的营养补充是保证训练水平的先决条件。     

我国中小学生营养状况及影响因素分析

阐述了我国中小学生的营养现状以及营养状况的影响因素，为预防和控制我国中小学生超重、肥胖和营养不良等现象提出了有针对性的建议，指出我国应该大力推广营养知识，提高全民营养意识。     

家兔后肢石膏固定后及自然恢复期骨骼的骨矿物质状况和某些力学性能的变化

废用性骨质疏松是目前运动医学临床治疗中难以避免的问题之一。动物实验表明,固定6周,可以使家兔的骨骼发生明显的骨质疏松,骨骼的力学性能显著降低;自然恢复4周后,家兔步态已恢复到正常,为体力负荷奠定了基础,但从骨矿物质状况和力学性能的测试结果看,骨骼未完全恢复。如果此时安排体力负荷,要极其谨慎。     

大众艺术健身操营养及测评方法的实验研究

以参加大众艺术健身操的学员为研究对象,运用文献资料法、问卷调查及实验测试法,对受试者进行日热能消耗总量的分析,并对其膳食结构进行评价,提出平衡膳食标准,运用BMI对受试者营养状况进行量化评分。研究结果表明:受试对象膳食营养存在的主要问题是,每日三餐摄取比例不合理;膳食豆制品及蔬菜摄入量不足。在此研究基础上,笔者制定了相应热能消耗计算方法及营养评价量化标准。     

对武陵少数民族地区中学生膳食及健康状况的调查

对武陵少数民族地区中学生饮食、起居、健康以及参加体育活动的状况进行了调查，针对其中存在的问题分析了形成原因并提出了对策，旨在为改善武陵少数民族地区中学生的膳食及健康状况，增强体质提供依据。     

赛前减体重对运动员运动能力的影响

赛前减体重能够对运动员的运动能力、身体机能和营养健康造成影响。笔者主要综述了国内外对减体重的研究资料,详细的对这一影响进行了概述,并认为在减体重时应用身体成分、蛋白质、无机盐和维生素代谢以及身体免疫能力等数个指标进行科学检测。     

训练后的身体恢复与营养物质

针对运动训练后的身体恢复与营养问题,提出了训练后的身体恢复的方法和手段,对训练水平的提高有着重要的意义.     

Physical activity and nutrition guidelines to help with the fight against COVID-19

ABSTRACT

As the world is witnessing the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019, emerging genetics and clinical pieces of evidence suggest a similar immunopathology to those of severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome. Staying at home to prevent the spread of the virus and consequently being largely inactive is associated with unintended consequences. These can actually enhance the infection risk and exacerbate poor health conditions including impaired immune function. Physical activity is a feasible way of improving health, particularly physical and mental health in a time of social isolation. However, people with certain health conditions in these circumstances may need a special physical activity programme in addition to any exercise they may already be performing via online programmes. This review aims to provide practical guidelines during the COVID-19 quarantine period. We suggest performing aerobic, resistance training, respiratory muscle training and yoga in the healthy, and in those with upper respiratory tract illness, patients with lower respiratory tract illness should be restricted to respiratory muscle training and yoga. In addition, vitamins D and C, omega-3 fatty acids, and regular consumption of fruit and vegetables might be considered as nutritional aids to support the immune system in those affected by COVID-19.     

运动诱导神经发生的相关研究

成年哺乳动物神经发生仅发生在侧脑室的室管膜下层和海马齿状回的颗粒细胞下层两个区域。综述了检测神经发生的主要方法,从神经递质、生长因子、营养因子等方面探讨了运动诱发神经发生的相关机制,并分析了运动诱发的神经发生对学习记忆能力的意义。