The Unintentional Effects on Body Donation Programs of a Competency-Based Curriculum in Postgraduate Medical Education

As medical programs place increasing importance on competency-based training and surgical simulations for residents, anatomy laboratories, and body donation programs find themselves in a position of adapting to changing demands. To better assess the demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens and evaluate the possible impacts that competency-based medical education could have upon the body donation program of McGill University, Canada, the authors tracked, over the course of the last 10 years, the number of soft-embalmed specimens, along with the number of teaching sessions and the residents enrolled in competency-based programs that are using cadaveric material. The results reveal that the number of soft-embalmed specimens used within residency training increased from 5 in 2009 to 35 in 2019, representing an increase from 6% of bodies to 36.5% of the total number of body donors embalmed in this institution. Correspondingly, the number of annual teaching sessions for residents increased from 19 in 2012 to 116 in 2019. These increases in teaching are correlated with increasing number of residents enrolled in competency-based programs over the last 3 years (Pearson r ranging from 0.9705 to 0.9903, and R² ranging from 0.9418 to 0.9808). Those results suggest that the new skill-centered curricula which require residents to perform specific tasks within realistic settings, exhibit a growing demand for “life-like” cadaveric specimens. Institutions’ body donation programs must, therefore, adapt to those greater need for cadaveric specimens, which presents many challenges, ranging from the logistical to the ethical.     

Does modality matter? A latent profile and transition analysis of sedentary behaviours among school-aged youth: The UP&DOWN study

ABSTRACT

The aims of this study were to identify profiles of sedentary behaviour (SB) patterns, based on leisure-time self-reported SB modalities (screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and to evaluate changes in these profiles over 2 years among Spanish youth aged 8–18 years. Latent profile analysis (LPA), a data-driven analytic approach, was used to identify groups of boys and girls (n = 1553; 48% girls; mean±SD age: 12.56 ± 2.49 y) with distinct SB profiles using the SB modalities (time/d) as input variables. Latent transition analysis, an extension of LPA that uses longitudinal data, was used to analyse 2-year changes in these profiles. At baseline, four and three SB profiles were found among boys (labelled: screen, educative, social, and relaxing) and girls (labelled: screen/social, educative, and relaxing), respectively. Overall, more girls (range: 48%-67%) had the same profile over time, than boys (40%-52%). Participants with a screen or relaxing SB profile at baseline were more likely to have an educative profile after 2 years. Youth with a social and an educative SB profile at baseline were more likely to transition to profiles characterized by higher screen and social SB, respectively. Using a novel and person-centered approach, this study identified gender-specific SB profiles that were moderately stable over time.     

Syllable-based reading improvement: Effects on word reading and reading comprehension in Grade 2

This study examined the effects of a syllable-based reading intervention for German second graders who demonstrated difficulties in the recognition of written words. The intervention focused on fostering word reading via syllable segmentation. The materials consisted of the 500 most frequent syllables typically read by 6- to 8-year-old children. The aims were to practice phonological recoding, consolidate orthographic representations of syllables, and routinize the access to these representations. Compared to children randomly assigned to a wait-list group, poor readers in the treatment condition showed significant improvements in standardized measures of phonological recoding, direct word recognition, and text-based reading comprehension after the 24-session intervention. Poor readers in the treatment condition also showed greater improvements in development of word recognition compared to children with efficient word recognition skills. The results provide evidence that a syllable-based reading intervention is a promising approach to increase struggling readers’ word recognition skills, which in turn will improve their reading comprehension.     

‘I would say nine times out of 10 they come to the LSA rather than the teacher’. The role of teaching assistants in supporting children's mental health

This research explored how seven primary school teaching assistants (TAs) experienced their role in supporting children's mental health. Interviews were analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). The participants believed that they supported children's mental health and particularly referenced the close relationships that they formed with children. Throughout their accounts of supporting children, the TAs referenced helpful factors (e.g. support from other staff) and challenges (e.g. hierarchy) within the school system. Supporting children’s mental health was an emotional experience for the TAs; they discussed the rewarding element, however, the topic also elicited fear. The findings provide several implications for school staff and external professionals about how TAs can be supported in their role. These include involving TAs in training opportunities, providing TAs with supervision, considering communication systems in schools, and introducing a mental health policy.     

面向幼儿发展的表现性评价实践研究

本研究采用表现性评价,对x幼儿园大班一个班级39名幼儿进行为期一年的发展性评价,在真实情境中对幼儿的发展状况作出连续性评价,获悉幼儿不同阶段的发展状况,同时对评价过程进行总结和反思。     

习近平新时代体育强国思想的马克思唯物主义立场及价值引领

运用文献资料法、辩证分析法、逻辑推理法等研究方法，对习近平新时代体育强国思想的马克思唯物主义立场进行了演绎与阐释。研究认为：在马克思唯物主义立场层面，习近平新时代体育强国思想坚持体育强国梦与实现中华民族伟大复兴中国梦一脉相承的历史唯物主义立场和普遍联系的辩证唯物主义立场；坚持在体育强国建设进程中遵循问题导向的唯物主义本体论立场；坚持体育强国建设要利用好国际与国内两种资源的唯物主义内外因辩证关系的立场。在新的历史时期，习近平新时代体育强国思想引领着竞技体育、群众体育、体育产业等领域的发展理念和价值，创新与发展了马克思主义哲学的实践结构和理论视角，为开创新时代中国特色社会主义体育事业的新局面提供了坚实的理论基础和实践支持。     

第14届世界女子篮球锦标赛中外后卫能力的比较研究

通过对第14届世界女子篮球锦标赛前八强队伍的后卫的能力指标进行分析比较,来揭示了我国女篮后卫队员的不足,得出了后卫瘸腿问题是制约我国女篮发展的关键因素,为我国女篮后卫队员的发展、选拔和培养提供了有益的帮助。     

新旧《全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导纲要》的比较分析研究

对新旧《全国普通高等学校体育课程教学指导纲要》进行比较分析研究发现,新旧《纲要》既有相同点,又有不同点,但新《纲要》更具发展创新点。它条款增多,定位更加准确,体现了科学性;容量增大,内容更加全面,反映了系统性;文字充实,叙述更加条理化,突出了指导性。     

流动人口:社会体育的新课题--来自调研中的思考

体育从来都不是游离于社会而孤立向前发展的，社会的每一重大进步，几乎都可以在体育中找到它所带来的积极“产物”。同样，社会在发展过程中所出现的社会问题，也将会以不同的方式折射到体育中来，“流动人口”带给社会体育的挑战正是这一折射的反映。本的思考，缘起于调研中的一组数据，随后由潮起潮涌的今日之民工流动，引伸出本的主题——“流动人口：社会体育的新课题”，并围绕主题阐述了流动人口给城乡体育带来的挑战，以及应对挑战的对策和建议。     

我国社区体育的发展现状及对策

采用文献资料法、访问座谈、比较研究等方法 ,对我国社区体育现状进行分析。结果显示 ,我国社区体育发展较落后 ,分布很不平衡。并对分析结果进行论述 ,提出有利社区体育发展的对策。