美国体育小镇的运行机制及其对中国的启示

体育是美国人生活中不可或缺的一部分，发达的体育文化为美国小镇体育的繁荣奠定了基础。研究以美国体育小镇为对象，运用文献资料、实地考察、逻辑分析及ArcGIS地理信息绘图等方法和技术对美国体育小镇进行了研究。结果表明：美国体育小镇的布局属非均匀化发展，存在东强西弱，南强北弱的特点且表现出"马太效应"。进而从社会学的角度分析了美国体育小镇运行的外部环境和内在动力机制，并以典型案例对体育小镇运行特点进行了剖析。建议我国体育小镇的建设应从目标引领、政策驱动、环境支持、形成正反馈循环和塑造灵魂等方面思考以推动体育小镇的建设。     

Parents’ son preference,childhood adverse experience and mental health in old age: Evidence from China

BackgroundSon preference is an enduring phenomenon in China and may often be related to childhood adverse experiences. According to a life-course perspective, adverse experiences during a childhood period may have a long-term effect on mental health in later age. However, little is known about this relationship between parents’ son preference, childhood adverse experiences and adulthood mental health in China.ObjectiveThe study aims to evaluate the association of parents’ son preference and individual mental health in old age in China. The mediating role of childhood adverse experiences was also estimated.Participants and settingThe China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) 2015 combined with CHARLS life history survey was analyzed (N = 11,666).MethodsMental health was measured by a shortened modification of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression scale including seven items, and higher scores indicated worse mental health status. A four-step mediating model was applied.ResultsRespondents growing in families with son preference had on average 0.75 (P < 0.001) points higher on the mental health scale than their counterparts, and the effects were consistent for both males and females. Childhood adverse experiences measured by physical maltreatment, emotional adverse experiences and witnesses of inter-parent violence mediated the relationship between parents’ son preference and individual adulthood mental health by 47.87%. For females, physical maltreatment and emotional adverse experiences explained the most parts of health effects of parents’ son preference, whereas witnesses of inter-parent violence was the most influential mediator for males.ConclusionParents’ son preference led to adverse childhood experiences, which influenced mental health in adulthood.     

The effect of number of siblings and birth order on educational attainment: Empirical Evidence from Chinese General Social Survey

Data from China demonstrate that the effect of the number of siblings on education is restricted by many factors, such as children’s gender, urban or rural household registration, whether there is only one child, the birth order of children within the family, and parents’ status. Chinese families have significant preferences for the eldest son and the youngest son. Moreover, research based on the natural experiment and instrumental variable approach suggests that market-oriented reform of education has increased the cost of family education expenditures since China’s reform and opening up, which further aggravates the negative impact on education of having many siblings in an urban setting.     

论组织中的参与式决策

参与式决策注重以人为本,支持个人创新,强调组织成员的作用和潜能得到最大限度的发挥。作为现代组织管理的一种重要方式,参与式决策不仅能对组织成员产生激励作用,也能为组织目标的实现提供保证。     

发表偏倚的原因、后果与预防研究

从4个方面对发表偏倚这一现象进行了研究: 1)发表偏倚的定义;2)发表偏倚产生的原因以及作者、编审者、资助者在选择性出版研究结果中所起的作用;3)发表偏倚的后果;4)发表偏倚的多项预防措施.     

Pupil participation: the NASEN policy

NASEN is to be congratulated for developing a Policy on Pupil Participation (NASEN, 2004). The importance of developing this practice has been increasingly recognised over recent years by policy makers, practitioners and researchers. In this short article I shall address some of the issues that the development of such a policy raises. Although generally welcoming NASEN's initiatives and similar actions by other organizations, I consider it important also to review the issue more broadly.     

贵阳市财政运行状况分析及展望

国内宏观经济保持稳定增长，给财政收入的持续增长创造了前提条件。2000-2002年同期，贵阳市GDP年均增长12％。较整个西部地区快了3个百分点。2003年地方财政收入达到近年最大增幅。整体上财政运行状况明显好于预期。同时，税收政策的调整，财政收入的超常增长，行政管理费用膨胀这些影响财政运行的因素，应引起足够重视。     

我国省市级专业体操队蹦床训练现状与对策

本文就我国省市级专业体操队训练场馆的蹦床设备状况、教练员所持的态度和认识、训练中主要解决的问题、蹦库实际使用情况、练习程序以及对基本动作和基本难度动作的理解等方面作了较细致的调查,并提出了相应的对策与建议,以期改进竞技体操的蹦床训练。     

我国东部城市居民体育服务需求的因素分析

采用资料调研和问卷调查等方法，研究我国东部城市居民的体育服务需求。结果显示，居民收入水平直接制约着居民体育服务消费水平；闲暇时间较少是影响体育服务消费水平的关键因素；消费价格、兴趣爱好、文化程度以及消费群体的相互作用，都会对体育服务消费产生一定影响，据此提出拉动服务业发展的建议。     

"社会体育指导员职业资格证书制度"政策法规体系的研究与建立

针对实施社会体育指导员职业资格证书和职业技能鉴定制度过程中的客观需要及可能出现的问题,在理论探索与实际运行的基础上,提出和制定了一系列实施办法和配套规章,初步建立起了以《劳动法》、《职业教育法》、《体育法》为主要依据,以《社会体育指导员国家职业标准》为主体,国家法律、行政法规和部门规章、地方法规衔接配套的政策法规系统.