Production of green surfactants: Market prospects

Science has greatly contributed to the advancement of technology and to the innovation of production processes and their applications. Cleaning products have become indispensable in today’s world, as personal and environmental hygiene is important to all societies worldwide. Such products are used in the home, in most work environments and in the industrial sectors. Most of the detergents on the market are synthesised from petrochemical products. However, the interest in reducing the use of products harmful to human health and the environment has led to the search for detergents formulated with natural, biodegradable surfactant components of biological (plant or microbiological) origin or chemically synthesised from natural raw materials usually referred to as green surfactants. This review addresses the different types, properties, and uses of surfactants, with a focus on green surfactants, and describes the current scenario as well as the projections for the future market economy related to the production of the different types of green surfactants marketed in the world.How to cite: Farias CBB, Almeida FCG, Silva IA, et al. Production of green surfactants: Market prospects. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.02.002     

The Influence of Hygroscopic Materials on the Fluctuation of Relative Humidity in Museums Located in Historical Buildings

ABSTRACT

The preservation of artefacts in museum collections is profoundly affected by fluctuations in temperature and, especially, relative humidity (RH). Since the late nineteenth century, many studies have been carried out on the best way to control hygrothermal conditions. In old buildings located in maritime temperate climate zones (such as Portugal) with strong thermal inertia, and which have low ventilation rate (relative to the volume and number of visitors), daily and seasonal hygroscopic inertia may help to assure the maintenance of RH stabilization conditions. The use of expensive active systems may be minimized through the passive behaviour of internal finishing building materials. This work presents the results of an experimental laboratory study conducted in a flow chamber to demonstrate the enormous potential of hygroscopic materials in stabilizing interior relative humidity. Based in these results and in-situ monitoring in a museum housed in a building, located in Porto, with a typical construction of the 1950s (granite masonry and reinforced concrete slabs), a numerical analysis was done to quantify the influence of hygroscopic materials in stabilizing the interior relative humidity.     

对我国企业体育目前的现状、不足和发展趋势的研究

通过分析我国目前企业体育在市场经济制度下存在的不足 ,找出原因。借鉴国外企业体育的发展过程 ,从而得知职工体育俱乐部是我国企业体育的必然发展趋势。     

论我国媒体与体育的合作态势及前景

运用文献资料法，讨论了电视、报纸、杂志和网络4种媒体与体育的关系；分析了各类媒体在开发体育市场过程中的特点；提出各类媒体的相应市场策略；揭示了各媒体与体育的合作态势及潜在的市场变化。认为，体育电视行业如何拓展盈利模式是当务之急；网络将是电视最强有力的竞争对手；体育报纸的转型已不可避免；体育杂志则应通过精致化和娱乐化来吸引读者。整合各种体育媒体资源，组成跨媒体平台，节约成本，获得更大的利润。是未来体育媒体的发展趋势。     

论大众竞技运动与精英竞技运动的协调发展

体育与竞技运动是两个不同的概念 ,两者都有普及与提高的问题 ,精英竞技运动的发展不是建立在大众体育和学校体育的基础之上的 ,其发展的基础是竞技运动在全社会的普及。传统的认识存在许多缺陷 ,导致在实践中产生很多偏差。讨论了大众竞技运动与精英竞技运动的异同 ,分析了西方国家管理与发展竞技运动的模式、中国发展竞技运动成功的经验及存在的问题 ,说明了应如何理解所谓大众竞技运动与精英竞技运动协调发展的问题 ,最后从 5个方面探讨了大众竞技运动与精英竞技运动协调发展的基本对策。     

中外竞技体育后备人才培养体制的比较研究

运用文献资料法、专家咨询等方法,对中外竞技体育后备人才培养体制进行了比较研究。结论:中国应借鉴国外社会自治型的经验,转变政府职能,在充分保障原有体制运行效率的基础上,构建教育系统一体化人才培养体系;引入市场机制,动员社会力量参与竞技体育后备人才培养。     

论体育赞助对赞助企业的影响

体育赞助对体育和赞助企业来说是一种双赢的活动。本旨在通过分析体育赞助对赞助企业带来的积极影响，为体育赞助提供一定的理论依据。     

肌肉形态特征与肌肉力量相关研究

肌肉力量是人体运动的基本素质 ,与肌肉形态有关 ,更有赖于肌肉的横断面积大小。测量人体肌肉的形态指标或肌肉的横断面积 ,推测肌肉力量 ,并对不同人群的肌肉力量进行比较 ,探索肌肉形态特征与肌肉力量的内在规律 ,这对运动员训练水平的评估、运动损伤的治疗与康复及科学选材等方面都具有十分重要的意义。     

政府与市场:奥运会组织模式的双翼——兼论2008年北京奥运会组织模式

举办一届最出色的奥运会已经成为北京乃至全国关注和努力奋斗的目标。出色的奥运会的筹备和组织工作包括组织模式的创新。回顾奥运会一百多年的历史，发现政府和市场的关系问题在奥运会组织模式中起着重要作用。运用比较的研究方法，对两者关系进行研究，认为政府和市场是成功组织奥运会的双翼，二者不可偏废。如果奥运会由政府举办，政府失灵会导致奥运会亏损；单独靠市场运作，市场失灵会导致奥运会的组织混乱。总结正反两方面的经验教训，政府和市场的积极作用相结合，将不仅有利于奥运会的成功举办，而且对组织体制和模式的创新留下宝贵的遗产。     

关于足球专修课成绩评定问题的探讨

采用文献资料法、调查法、因素分析法和实验法，对足球专修学生成绩的评定问题进行了比较系统的综合研究，为制定评定学生足球专项成绩体系和权重等提供了客观依据。建立了技、战术考核评分模式。