浅谈素质教育

素质教育作为学校的一项重要的长期任务要求我们具有一支素质较高，能够激发学生学习动机的教师队伍。笔者就如何激发学生学习动机做出如下思考：①要加强对学生进行学习目的的教育；②及时反馈与恰当评价；③科学使用奖赏和处罚。     

一报还一报——探究《远大前程》中的主题之一

<远大前程>作为狄更斯晚期著名的作品,围绕主人公匹普的发展历程进行描述,颂扬了狄更斯的人道主义精神,并揭示了其作为维多利亚时代的作家所固有的性道德、家庭道德等方面的理论.狄更斯强调扬善惩恶,不能容忍道德低劣者有幸福的结局,总是把好的命运赋予那些道德上的正面人物.     

The scholarship of teaching: A comparison of conceptions held by experts and regular academic staff

Over the past decade the scholarship ofteaching has received considerable attention inthe higher education literature as a reactionto the widely cited Carnegie Foundation'sreport ``Scholarship Reconsidered'; however, theconcept has remained devoid of a unifieddefinition. A recent Delphi study conductedwith a selective group of scholars whoseexpertise lies in the area of universityteaching and learning indicated the extent towhich these ``experts' agreed with each other onimportant features and unresolved issues theyassociate with the scholarship of teaching. Building on the results of the Delphi study,the present article discusses the results of asecond survey comparing these ``experts' 'conceptions with those of a larger group ofscholars whose expertise lies in a differentacademic field (``regular academic staff'), inorder to identify the similarities anddifferences in the conceptions of thescholarship of teaching held by each of the twogroups. While regular academic staff werefound to associate the scholarship of teachingmore with good or effectiveteaching ``experts' pointed to notions such aspeer review and scholarly standards. Thediscussion of the results focuses on the notionof consensus reached within and betweenthe two groups. It is argued that in order topromote changes in policy with respect to whatis to count as scholarship, identifying andreporting ``experts' ' conceptions, thoughclearly necessary for promoting moreenlightened discussions on the issue, willremain insufficient. Policy change in academeis more likely to ensue as a result of thewider academic community reaching consensus onthe meaning, and nature, of the scholarship ofteaching. The wider academic community includes``experts', as well as colleagues in departmentsand disciplinary associations. The articleconcludes by exploring the notion of consensusthrough the lens of critical social theory.     

关于企业责任中心绩效评估的探讨

责任中心制度的推行必须配合绩效评估才能发挥作用,绩效考评是发挥预算约束与激励作用的必要措施,其考核奖惩办法应科学、合理、有效.本文分别从两个层次探讨责任中心的绩效评估,重点分析绩效评估指标中的非财务指标和绩效考核奖惩制度的建立.     

Reputation disparity in teaching and research productivity and rewards in the context of consequences of institutionalization of Publish or Perish culture in academia

The reputation disparity between teaching and research has stirred up an unending debate. The age-long notion that teaching and research overlap has become a controversial issue in academia. Consequences of the institutionalization of Publish OR Perish (POP) abound in the literature. This paper investigates the reputations disparity between teaching and research productivity and the rewards for these academic activities. It explores which, out of teaching activities and research publications receive higher or less attention and rewards. Relevant existing literature was reviewed to establish the institutionalization of POP and its consequences of the reputations disparity between teaching and research and its adverse effects on these activities. Evidence from the literature reviewed reveals the existence of POP reputation disparity as part of its consequences. A key finding is that teaching activities are insignificant and unrewarded as research publications. Neither the effectiveness nor the number of teaching loads counts like the numbers of publications.     

我国学术期刊评价体系的完善与体育学术期刊的应对策略

同行评议、文献计量学评价及期刊评奖是目前我国学术期刊评价的3种评价形式,已建立了比较完备的体系,但从评价本身的准确性、全面性来看,学术期刊评价体系仍存在着一些局限与不足之处。营造合理的评价机制和和谐的学术氛围是评价深入并持续开展的前提,正确看待期刊评价,建立学科的引文数据库,在网络环境下实现从形式评价到内容评价的转变,以逐步完善评价体系。为此,体育学术期刊应发挥评价主体的作用,加强对学术期刊评价中相关指标的分析,调整编辑出版工作重心,办好刊物。     

奖励的惩罚与惩罚的奖励——读《奖励的惩罚》有感

奖励和惩罚是一个日久弥新的话题,在赏识教育、激励教育、快乐教育一边倒的背景下,重新审视奖励和惩罚的实施效果,反思其背后深层的正负面影响,将有助于解决困扰家长、教师和校长的诸多问题。其实奖励和惩罚二者是辩证统一的,奖励有时就是一种惩罚,而惩罚也可以成为一种奖励,我们应该掌握一些奖惩的调适策略,与学生充分沟通,超越控制思维,给予学生关爱,厘清何以奖罚和为何奖罚的关系,帮助学生形成强大的、自主的内在驱动力,促进学生的健康成长成熟。     

论明代皇帝的节日赏赐

节日赏赐是明代皇帝施行赏赐这一统治手段的重要部分,赏赐的主要对象是百官、在外皇族、公侯伯、国子监师生、朝贺使节、在京军民等,赏赐的内容包括钱钞银两、布料成衣、宴会饮食、节假、节令物品和御制诗.明代皇帝的节日赏赐活动起到了巩固君臣感情、宣慰外使的作用,巩固了明朝的统治,但客观上也加重了人民负担.     

关于奖惩制度与奖惩模式在体育游戏中应用的研究

通过问卷调查法抽取360名大学生进行调查,结果表明:大部分学生对体育教师安排的游戏并认为体育游戏的奖惩制度是有必要的。大部分学生喜欢集体趣味性游戏的奖惩模式,学生的认识和奖惩的模式及其难度对奖惩的实施、奖惩效果有着较大的影响。     

When favourites fail: Tournament trophies as reward cues in tennis finals

Abstract

In tournaments in various sports that feature one–on–one competition, the trophy is sometimes prominently displayed near the athletes during the final. Based on recent research on subtle reward cues, we propose that such trophies have the potential to induce choking under pressure in the match favourites, who are known to be most at risk. To test this idea, we analysed real-life tennis performance data (service performance and rally performance) from professional tournaments. While favourites generally outperformed underdogs during rallies, they did not do so in finals in which (a) large amounts of money were at stake and (b) a trophy was on display near the court. These findings support the idea that tournament trophies may distract favourites by continuously reminding them of what is at stake, and via that route may severely thwart their performance.