不同练习手段组合对田径跳跃运动员专项力量训练效果的实验研究

选择八种常用手段,将三种双腿跳跃练习进行组合,另把五种单腿跳跃练习进行组合,对两组14名跳跃项目运动员进行8周的训练,获取了5项身体素质和BIODEX等速测力仪及KISTLER三维测力台的各项指标训练前后的测试数据.实验研究发现,不同的力量练习手段对人体作用是不一样的,轻负荷、重负荷、单腿练习、双腿练习对人体肌肉的影响有各自的特异性.因此,在力量训练中,选择正确而有效的手段和适宜的运动负荷与强度,把各种不同手段进行合理组合,才能求得最佳的综合整体效益.     

骨骼肌基因转移系统的建立

以EGFP为标记基因，利用重新构建的pAV-EGFP质粒，采用直接注射方法，进行了离体和在体基因转移研究。实验结果显示，经脂质体包裹后，质粒可以有效地进行细胞转移；DNA表达载体肌肉直接注射后，利用共聚焦显微镜可以在注射点周围的肌细胞观察到绿色荧光蛋白；而在对侧肢PCR和共聚焦显微镜的结果均为阴性。实验结果表明，肌肉直接注射DNA可以在肌肉得到表达，将会为治疗肌肉损伤带来新的方法。     

Taking charge and letting go: exploring the ways a Transition to Adulthood project for teenagers with Duchenne muscular dystrophy has supported parents to prepare for the future

The new Special Educational Needs and Disability legislation in the Children and Families Act 2014 intends to raise the aspirations of young people with special educational needs and their families, and improve their life outcomes. But what do raised aspirations and better outcomes look like for young people who have a life‐limiting impairment? This article draws on data from a parent evaluation of a lottery‐funded Transition to Adulthood project for boys with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), called ‘Takin’ Charge’, focusing in particular on whether or not the project helped parents of boys with DMD prepare for the future. Key themes that emerged were the importance and novelty of older role models with DMD in the project who were able to share their journeys into adulthood, the support between families that the project enabled, the meaning of family resilience and aspirations for a normal life. The use of solution‐focused questioning with families affected by a life‐limiting impairment is also explored.     

现代竞技体育体能训练对改善女大学生脊柱功能的研究

脊柱功能是衡量人体健康水平的重要指标,对人体保持高质量的学习、生活和工作状态产生直接的影响。如何运用有效的训练改善和提高人体脊柱功能,应引起高度的重视。以黑龙江省30名女大学生为研究对象,制定有针对性的训练方案,进行为期3个月的运动干预实验,分5个阶段进行训练监控及训练效果评估。结果显示：全体受试对象脊柱直背趋势最为显著,脊柱姿势、柔韧性、稳定性整体较差,脊柱疾病风险较高;通过动态拉伸、颈肩及腰等功能性训练对改善女大学生脊柱功能效果显著;实施训练方案后,在第30天改善效果最为明显。     

发育性颈椎管狭窄与脊髓型颈椎病的相关性分析

目的：进一步探讨脊髓型颈椎病与发育性颈椎管狭窄的关系。方法：应用比值法对70例正常人和110例脊髓型颈椎病患者的X线侧位片进行统计学测量与比较，研究范围从C3～C7。结果：C3～C7正常组与颈椎病组的椎管中矢径比值有显著性差异。结论：发育性颈椎管狭窄是脊髓型颈椎病的重要发病因素。     

罗氏沼虾血清及肌肉提取液凝集活性的比较研究

用12种天然或经酶修饰的动物及人红细胞测定罗氏沼虾的血清和肌肉提取液的凝集能力，同时进行糖抑制、热稳定性、pH及Ca^2＋影响试验．结果显示，罗氏沼虾血清对鹤鹑红细胞的凝集效价比肌肉提取的高，且糖抑制、热稳定性、pH适应范围及对Ca^2＋的依赖性都存在明显差别．表明罗氏沼虾血清和肌肉提取液所含凝集素的类型不同．     

Phonological Awareness Skills in Young Boys with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy

Substantial research has detailed the reading deficits experienced by children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Although phonological awareness (PA) is vital in reading development, little is known about PA in the DMD population. This pilot study describes the PA abilities of a group of five young children with DMD, comparing the results with those of a group of children with spinal muscular atrophy and with those of a group of typically developing children. The Preschool and Primary Inventory of Phonological Awareness was used to assess the PA skills of the participants. Results indicated that the children with DMD performed significantly poorer than the typically developing group on tests of Syllable Segmentation, Rhyme Awareness, Alliteration Awareness and Phoneme Isolation and significantly poorer than the spinal muscular atrophy group on Rhyme Awareness. The findings of this pilot study indicate that children with DMD may have an increased risk of having PA difficulties, thus requiring early PA training.     

Reciprocal Versus Nonreciprocal Assessment of Knee Flexors and Extensors in Concentric Actions Using the CON-TREX Multijoint Isokinetic Dynamometer: A Reliability Study

Knee flexor and extensor muscular assessment via isokinetic dynamometry is common practice and established in the research literature. However, reporting assessment methodology regarding reciprocal and nonreciprocal movements is often vague or absent. Such methodological issues are crucial for accurate assessments. Therefore, knee extensor and flexor peak moment using either reciprocal movement or nonreciprocal modalities was assessed. Fifteen participants performed three blocks of five concentric muscle actions at three angular velocities [1: nonreciprocal (maximal active flexion followed by passive extension); B2: reciprocal (maximal active extension followed by maximal active flexion); B3 nonreciprocal (maximal active extension followed by passive flexion)]. ANOVA revealed statistically significant within-subject modality effects for peak knee extensor moment and flexor velocity and modality differences (p < .05). Reciprocal and nonreciprocal assessments give significantly different results, with nonreciprocal giving higher peak moments. Reporting which modality is used is crucial to allow for greater clarity for the reader and practitioner.     

香菇多糖抗疲劳的实验研究

研究了香菇多糖的抗疲劳作用．用离体实验测定香菇多糖对肌肉收缩时间的影响，在体实验测定肌糖原含量．通过差异与对照组相比较时，发现香菇多糖的抗疲劳作用并无显统计学意义．     

补充扇贝肽对运动大鼠停训后萎缩骨骼肌细胞Caspase-3活性的影响

目的:通过测试萎缩骨骼肌细胞Caspase-3、SOD活性和MDA含量,观察补充扇贝肽对运动大鼠停训导致骨骼肌萎缩后肌细胞Caspase-3活性及其抗氧化能力的影响,研究扇贝肽对停训后骨骼肌萎缩的干预作用。方法:40只SD雄性大鼠以15 m/min的速度,持续性水平跑台训练30 min开始进行递增负荷运动,运动6 d/周,休息1 d/周,速度递增3 m/min/周,时间递增30 min/周,运动3周后即刻处死10只大鼠为基础对照组,其余大鼠随机分组为补充安慰剂阴性对照组、补充牛乳阳性对照组和补充扇贝肽实验组,30只大鼠左侧后肢实施石膏固定模拟停训模型,并进行扇贝肽补充实验。实验组和对照组所有动物每天分别进行灌胃15%扇贝肽饮料2mL、等量的安慰剂和牛乳。结果:发现补充扇贝肽可显著减低停训后萎缩骨骼肌细胞MDA含量增加,增加SOD活性,提高细胞内抗氧化能力,可显著抑制停训后萎缩骨骼肌细胞Caspase-3的活性,从而抑制骨骼肌收缩蛋白和结构蛋白的降解,促进萎缩骨骼肌的恢复。