富氧燃烧循环流化床中石灰石煅烧／硫化反应模型

对富氧燃烧流化床下石灰石同时煅烧／硫化特性进行了研究,并与 CaO 硫化特性进行了比较。在石灰石煅烧阶段,CaO 与 SO2反应生成 CaSO4产物层覆盖在未煅烧 CaCO3的外层,降低了煅烧速率。同时煅烧／硫化过程中的硫化反应速率比 CaO 的硫化反应速率要缓慢,但是经过足够长的反应时间后,同时煅烧／硫化反应的钙转化率比 CaO 硫化反应的钙转化率要高。建立了一个包含石灰石同时煅烧、烧结和硫化反应的晶粒微晶粒模型用于描述流化床内同时进行的石灰石煅烧、烧结和硫化过程,实验证明所建立的模型能够反映流化床富氧气氛中石灰石的真实煅烧／硫化过程。     

碳酸化过程中硫化反应对钙基吸收剂循环捕集 CO2的影响

采用2种不同特性的加拿大石灰石来研究钙基吸收剂循环煅烧碳酸化捕集 CO2过程中硫化反应对碳酸化反应的影响．当反应气氛中有 SO2时,每次循环中钙的碳酸化转化率都要低于没有 SO2的循环,而且钙的硫酸化转化率几乎随着循环次数线性增长．在650℃,0.18％SO2的环境中,对5和10 min 这2种碳酸化时间而言,前4次循环的碳酸化转化率几乎没有区别．与碳酸化过程同时发生的间接硫化反应是导致吸收剂捕集 CO2能力下降的原因,而碳酸化时间并不是影响吸收剂脱碳的主要影响因素．在所测试的3个温度中,680℃是最佳碳酸化温度,在此温度下碳酸化转化率最高,而此温度下硫化转化率最大,则可能是由于温度对碳酸化和硫化反应速率的作用不同而造成的．碳酸化转化率随 SO2浓度的增加而减小,但两者之间并不是线性关系．     

Sulfation modification of dopamine in brain regulates aggregative behavior of animals

Behavioral plasticity and the underlying neuronal plasticity represent a fundamental capacity of animals to cope with environmental stimuli. Behavioral plasticity is controlled by complex molecular networks that act under different layers of regulation. While various molecules have been found to be involved in the regulation of plastic behaviors across species, less is known about how organisms orchestrate the activity of these molecules as part of a coherent behavioral response to varying environments. Here we discover a mechanism for the regulation of animal behavioral plasticity involving molecular sulfation in the brain, a modification of substrate molecules by sulfotransferase (ST)-catalyzed addition of a sulfonate group (SO₃) from an obligate donor, 3^′-phosphoadenosine 5^′-phosphosulfate (PAPS) to the substrates. We investigated aggregation behaviors of migratory locusts, which are well-known for extreme phase change plasticity triggered by population density. The processes of PAPS biosynthesis acted efficiently on induction of locust behavioral transition: Inhibition of PAPS synthesis solicited a behavioral shift from gregarious to solitarious states; external PAPS dosage, by contrast, promoted aggregation in solitarious locusts. Genetic or pharmacological intervention in the sulfation catalyzation resulted into pronounced solitarizing effects. Analysis of substrate-specific STs suggests a widespread involvement of sulfated neurotransmitters in the behavioral response. Dopamine in the brain was finally identified to be actively sulfate conjugated, and the sulfate conjugation enhanced the free DA-mediated behavioral aggregation. Similar results in Caenorhabditis elegans and mice indicate that sulfation may be involved more broadly in the modulation of animal aggregation. These findings reveal a general mechanism that effectively regulates animal social-like behavioral plasticity, possibly through sulfation-mediated modification of neural networks.     

蓖麻油改性产品的研究及应用

蓖麻油与马来酸酐进行适当酯化、磺化改性得到的产品为透明油．透明油具有良好的乳化、渗透和加脂性能，且HLB≥13．最佳合成条件为马来酸酐：蓖麻油摩尔比=1．5～2．5：1，温度90～100℃，pH=6～7．经复配而成的改性透明油可作为皮革去污剂且应用效果良好．