中世纪阿拉伯-伊斯兰文化对西方文明的贡献述评

中世纪的阿拉伯世界以其雄武之势兼纳了东地中海古文明以及亚洲远地文明，创造了辉煌的阿拉伯——伊斯兰文化。而同期西方由于日耳曼人的野蛮冲击和基督教会的肆意破坏，古典希腊罗马文化实际上已荡然无存。正是通过阿拉伯人的翻译，西方才得以知道自己老祖宗的遗产，并从阿拉伯——伊斯兰文化里获取了自然科学、人文社会科学、艺术等营养，感觉到压力，最终得以迅猛发展。     

Cheating or cheated? Surviving secondary exit exams in a neoliberal era

Cheating on exams is a rampant and highly developed practice among youth in the Arab world, often involving elaborate networks, advanced technology and adult authorities. Rather than viewing cheating as mere laziness or immorality, this article interrogates the social meanings of cheating by comparing the practices and discourses of cheating on high-stakes high school exit exams – the tawjihi in Jordan and the Baccalauréat in Morocco. Using informal networks to obtain higher grades, and thereby better futures, cheating is one way youth contest the putative meritocracy of the state to reclaim a sense of control over their lives. Ironically, cheaters develop twenty-first century skills of collaboration, networking and creativity outside the school in order to evade the nation’s formal system of educational sorting. We argue that cheating illuminates the declining effectiveness of the public school in the nation-building project and the simultaneous emergence of the outcomes-oriented ‘neoliberal student’.     

浅析阿拔斯王朝时期伊斯兰建筑艺术表征

阿拔斯王朝时期是阿拉伯帝国的鼎盛期,期间阿拉伯伊斯兰文化也达到了辉煌顶点。阿拉伯伊斯兰文化中的阿拉伯艺术别具一格,阿拉伯建筑艺术是其典型代表。阿拉伯伊斯兰建筑艺术呈现出伊斯兰教、多元化等特征,具有鲜明的历史特色。     

Medicine and surgery in the Livre des Assises de la Cour des Bourgeois de Jérusalem

The Livre des Assises, written in the thirteenth century in Acre, not only provides insights into the practice of medicine and surgery in the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, but also suggests that the licensing and regulation of doctors reflected contemporary Islamic practice.     

Loneliness among Students with Blindness and Sighted Students in Jordan: A brief report

This study investigated loneliness among students with blindness and those who are sighted in Jordan, and examined whether loneliness levels vary according to gender. Students included 90 students with blindness and 79 sighted students selected from high schools and universities in the capital city of Amman. The instrument used to collect information in this study was an Arabic translation and adapted version of the UCLA Loneliness Scale developed by Russell in 1996. The results indicated that students with blindness reported significantly higher degrees of loneliness than sighted students; however, no significant differences were attributable to gender or interaction between visual status and gender. The implications of the findings for families and teachers of students with blindness, and for future research in Jordan, are offered.     

加缪在阿尔及利亚问题上的尴尬处境

加缪对阿尔及利亚危机、殖民地阿尔及利亚与宗主国法国的关系问题的看法和认识,以上世纪四十、五十年代为界,经历了三个阶段：他在第一阶段坚信阿拉伯穆斯林与法国移民者能够和谐相处,呼吁殖民当局保护穆斯林的合法权益：20世纪40年代,他既关注阿拉伯的利益,又保护法国的利益不受损失,认为推行法国民主法制是解决之道;50年代,他既反对殖民当局的血腥镇压,又憎恶极端民族主义分子的恐怖行动,提出建立“法兰西—阿拉伯联合体”,遭到来自双方的批判,他在法国和阿尔及利亚都是孤独的来客、“局外人”、流亡者。《流亡与独立王国》反映了其此时期的心境。     

The social and educational impacts of the first national Down Syndrome support group in the UAE

Although there is a fairly extensive literature on social and educational inclusion of individuals with Down Syndrome (DS) in many countries, very little is produced on the life and education of such individuals in the United Arab Emirates. There is an apparent lack of societal interest in the quality of lives of people with DS. The condition of DS is nearly a taboo subject in this part of the world. With only a handful of pupils with DS included in regular schools, and with many myths and misconceptions surrounding the syndrome and individuals, particularly children with the syndrome, the first ever national support group for individuals with DS, their families and their carers was formed in late 2004 in the United Arab Emirates. This paper examines and evaluates the social and educational impact of the support group. The study particularly focuses on the role of such group in promoting social inclusion and inclusion of pupils with DS in regular schools in the UAE. Members (mainly parents of individuals with DS) of the newly-established group participated in two interviews six months apart and the researcher observed group meetings, recorded activities and events over the same period. Views of individuals with DS on the effects and the activities of the group were also gathered through semi-structured interviews.
Participants reported significant benefits from participating in the group, particularly in the areas of promoting social acceptance for individuals with DS. The study found that the group also helped in eliminating and correcting some of the myths surrounding the syndrome and played a role in promoting social and educational inclusion of such individuals. The study ends with a discussion of the findings and recommendations for future practice.     

旋律型与东方传统音乐

本文主要说明旋律型这一概念对东方各国传统音乐研究的重要性。通过对印度、日本、阿拉伯及中国传统音乐的介绍使我们了解到以旋律型紧紧约束旋律的倾相普遍存在,这对我们学习和研究东方乃至世界音乐的相同及相异性是一个参考。     

Making learning visible in kindergarten classrooms: Pedagogical documentation as a formative assessment technique

This study investigated interactions between pedagogical documentation—a formative assessment technique and instructional intervention designed to increase student learning by recording children’s experiences—and kindergarten children, families and teachers in the UAE. The study sample comprised six teachers in six kindergarten classrooms, 141 kindergarten children and 67 parents. The major data-gathering techniques were participant observation, semi-structured individual interviews, focus group interviews and parent questionnaire. The results revealed that pedagogical documentation has the potential to improve children’s learning, contribute to teachers’ awareness of learning processes and help parents gain a better understanding of learning processes in their children’s education.     

A new educational model and the crisis of modern terminologies: a view of Egypt in the nineteenth century

Abstract

The beginning of modern Arab education coincided with the Arab Awakening in the nineteenth century. The modern educational system witnessed its most important developments in the Arab world, as shown by the case of Egypt, under the Ottoman Empire. Examining a new model of education as shown in the literary sources of the Arab Awakening, one finds that there were difficulties in presenting the various scientific texts in a lecture format. The students were unfamiliar with the new scientific terminologies, and the professors, in turn, did not have suitably accurate scientific terms within the Arabic language. This article discusses the crisis of terminologies that challenged the development of a new educational system. It also describes the expertise acquired by local scholars from foreign experts during their educational missions to Europe. The knowledge they gained enabled them to modernise the Arabic language upon their return. Eventually some of the terminology used within the new educational system filtered through to everyday use within the wider culture.