The Expulsion of the Muslims from Portugal (1496–1497)

The expulsion of the Muslim minority from Portugal, decreed by King Manuel I in December 1496, has been one of the most overlooked aspects of the end of religious tolerance in the Iberian Peninsula at the close of the Middle Ages. Using unedited documentary sources preserved in the national Portuguese archives, this article focuses on the expulsion of the Muslims from Portugal and seeks to challenge a number of assumptions concerning this unprecedented event. Three major questions concerning this expulsion are examined. What evidence is there that the expulsion of the Muslims did take place? Where did the expelled Muslims seek refuge? What were the causes of this expulsion? This article will endeavour to present a new hypothesis relating to the causes of this expulsion, which radically differs from that advanced by modern historians.     

高校惩戒权解释规则研究

高校惩戒权规定过于抽象,同时高校欠缺实施惩戒权的必要性知识,因而需要对惩戒权进行规范性解释。将待处理事项“嵌套”于惩戒规范之内时,需要高校自觉遵守法解释的基本准则。高校惩戒权的实施应建立在科学解释规则之上,采用客观解释、形式解释、严格解释与灵活解释相结合的路径阐释高校惩戒权,将“目的至上”作为高校惩戒权解释的最高准则。高校惩戒权的目的是“育人”,动辄“开除学籍”“不授予学位”是违背“育人”目的的惩戒,不具有正当性。