The Expulsion of the Muslims from Portugal (1496–1497)

The expulsion of the Muslim minority from Portugal, decreed by King Manuel I in December 1496, has been one of the most overlooked aspects of the end of religious tolerance in the Iberian Peninsula at the close of the Middle Ages. Using unedited documentary sources preserved in the national Portuguese archives, this article focuses on the expulsion of the Muslims from Portugal and seeks to challenge a number of assumptions concerning this unprecedented event. Three major questions concerning this expulsion are examined. What evidence is there that the expulsion of the Muslims did take place? Where did the expelled Muslims seek refuge? What were the causes of this expulsion? This article will endeavour to present a new hypothesis relating to the causes of this expulsion, which radically differs from that advanced by modern historians.     

Orthodoxy and Religious Antagonism in Byzantine Perceptions of the Seljuk Turks (Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries)

This paper focuses on religiously based concepts in the Comnenian dynasty's ideology when propagating Byzantium's political and military antagonism with the Muslim-Turkish principalities of Asia Minor. Whereas during the conquest period in the second half of the eleventh century Byzantine perceptions were mainly determined by the classical bipolarity of barbarism vs. Roman civilisation and therefore defined the Seljuk Turks as an ethnic rather than a religious entity, in the 1130s a tendency to identify them with the “sons of Hagar”, i.e. the Muslims, prevailed. At the same time the court rhetoricians of Emperor John II developed forms of imperial representation exhibiting allusions to Old Testament prototypes (Moses) and certain features of western crusader ideology. The image of his successor, Manuel I, instead draws more intensively on the idea of the emperor's Christ-like position and the motif of the tireless defender of the true faith.     

从信息流空间到流动空间:曼纽尔·卡斯特空间理论研究

曼纽尔·卡斯特于20世纪90年代末提出网络社会新型空间观念,指出流动空间对地方空间的支配是当代社会的主导型空间逻辑,从而诱发了"无时间之时间"的审美体验。纵观其空间理论体系,流动空间概念的形成并非一蹴而就,而是由用以阐释信息化时代大企业组织的信息流空间发展而来。文章试图通过对比分析流动空间和信息流空间的概念、价值内涵与空间逻辑的演变,对不同空间模式的社会价值重构与当下社会意义进行再思考,并最终认为流动性的扩张与现代性的演进密切相关,两者共同推动时空观从信息空间转换到网络空间,完成空间逻辑迭变。