专利获取、专利保护、专利商业化与技术创新绩效的作用机制研究

专利在企业生产经营中的重要性日益显现,其作用已从防御性手段转变成战略性工具。通过对118家高新技术企业363份有效问卷调查数据,从资源观的视角,运用结构方程模型实证研究企业专利获取、专利保护、专利商业化与技术创新绩效的作用机制,并重点探讨专利商业化的中介效应。结果表明:专利获取对专利保护、专利商业化具有显著的正向影响,专利保护对专利商业化具有显著的正向影响;专利获取、专利保护、专利商业化与技术创新绩效均具有显著的正向影响;专利商业化在专利获取与技术创新绩效之间起部分中介作用,而在专利保护与技术创新绩效之间则具有完全中介作用。本研究结论不仅拓展了专利管理与技术创新绩效的理论研究领域,同时为我国高新技术企业在开放式创新环境下通过有效的专利管理提升技术创新绩效提供实践指导。     

Adjunct question effects with review

The effects on retention of adjunct questions either placed at the end of a passage or inserted after their respective paragraphs within the passage were examined. The high school subjects were encouraged to review the materials after encountering the questions, a departure from traditional procedures in the field. Both treatments led to superior retention of the previously questioned facts when compared to a passage-only control group, but did not increase retention of previously unquestioned facts. The position of the adjunct questions did not differentially affect performance. The discrepancy of the results from those traditionally reported are interpreted in terms of the procedures employed.     

The rule-assessment approach and education

This paper describes the rule-assessment approach to cognitive development and summarizes work using it that is relevant to education. The basic question that motivated the rule-assessment approach is how people's existing knowledge influences their ability to learn. Addressing this issue requires a means of assessing what people already know, a means for studying how they learn, and a means for examining basic processes that may underlie developmental differences in knowledge and learning. Research using the rule-assessment approach is summarized in terms of eight conclusions about these issues. Each of the conclusions is illustrated with empirical examples.     

Child maltreatment deaths in the U.S. National Child Death Review Case Reporting System

Comprehensive reviews of child death are increasingly conducted throughout the world, although limited information is available about how this information is systematically used to prevent future deaths. To address this need, we used cases from 2005 to 2009 in the U.S. National Child Death Review Case Reporting System to compare child and offender characteristics and to link that information with actions taken or recommended by review teams. Child, caretaker, and offender characteristics, and outcomes were compared to team responses, and findings were compared to published case series. Among 49,947 child deaths from 23 states entered into the Case Reporting System during the study period, there were 2,285 cases in which child maltreatment caused or contributed to fatality. Over one-half had neglect identified as the maltreatment, and 30% had abusive head trauma. Several child and offender characteristics were associated with specific maltreatment subtypes, and child death review teams recommended and/or planned several activities in their communities. Case characteristics were similar to those published in other reports of child maltreatment deaths. Teams implemented 109 actions or strategies after their review, and we found that aggregating information from child death reviews offers important insights into understanding and preventing future deaths. The National Child Death Review Case Reporting System contains information about a large population which confirms and expands our knowledge about child maltreatment deaths and which can be used by communities for future action.     

PA随机变量序列Wittman型强大数律

文章根据独立随机变量序列的Wittmann型强大数律,推广到PA序列的Wittmann型强大数律,并且由此得到一些相关的推论。     

Life goals and academic interests as predictors of extracurricular activities of secondary school sophomores

The life goals and interests of eighth-graders were examined in relation to their reported extracurricular activities in secondary school. In 1969, 204 females and 178 males, attending three feeder schools, completed the Vocational Sentence Completion Blank, a semiprojective measure of life goals, values, quests, aspirations hopes, preferences, and concerns. For the Milwaukee Academic Interest Inventory, which measures curricular interests, the complete test records of 183 females and 150 males were available. In 1971, all subjects reported about their participation in six secondary school activities. Approximately two-thirds of the 29 VSCB categories and all 7 MAII variables were predictive at a low level of association. The statistically significant relations between eighth-grade predictors and specific extracurricular activities in the first year of secondary school seemed reasonable. Implications for adolescent development were discussed.     

The effects of written attempts prior to correct visual presentation on spelling acquisition and retention

Students learned difficult spelling words via three different teaching methods. They either saw the correct spelling before attempting it, or could attempt to spell the word once, or several times, prior to viewing the correct spelling. Results showed that attempting to spell and test the words before viewing them facilitated acquisition of the words. The teaching methods did not differentially influence long-term retention. The locus of the effects of some teaching methods, when the words are thoroughly learned, is to be found during initial acquisition rather than evidenced in retention. Asking students to generate and test spellings prior to correct presentation facilitates encoding and acquisition of the correct spelling.     

条件(P_A)

本文对S-系的性质（PA）作了进一步刻画，给出了循环S-系满足条件（PA）的充要条件．     

POE官能化及其增韧PA66的研究

采用在熔融挤出过程中提高双螺杆挤出机螺杆转速的方法,研究了机械力引发甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)熔融接枝弹性体POE的接枝反应。红外光谱法分析的结果表明,随着螺杆转速的增加,接枝产物的接枝率出现先下降后增大的变化趋势,接枝产物的熔体流动速率(MFR)在螺杆转速n≥400 r/min时出现显著增大;随着接枝反应温度的增加,产物接枝率和熔体流动速率均明显增大。一定条件下,制得具有一定接枝率(红外表征)和较好熔体流动性(MI=0.8～14.0 g/(10 min))的接枝产物(POE-g-GMA)。材料力学性能测试和试样断面SEM分析结果表明,此接枝产物POE-g-GMA对PA66具有较好的增韧作用,可使PA66/POE-g-GMA共混材料的缺口冲击强度达到原未改性材料的8倍。     

一定条件下PA序列部分和的完全收敛性

根据PA序列的一些基本性质和定理，比照独立随机变量下的结论，对PA序列的完全收敛性作了初步的推导和论证，从而完善了相关结果．