个体乳酸阈测定对少年游泳运动员训练的指导

采用运动现场对60名9～12岁游泳运动员进行个体乳酸阈(ILT)测定,结果显示:9～12岁游泳运动员的ILT在2.00～3.10 mmol/L之间,100 m自由泳后血乳酸峰值出现在7.1～12.6 mmol/L范围内,均较成年运动员值偏低,反映了少年运动员机体代谢的特异性,提示在实践中应根据少年运动员生理特点合理安排运动训练与教学.     

Effects of breakfast with different calorigenic amounts on blood glucose,insulin and glucagon levels

SUBJECTSANDMETHODSSubjectsTwenty four 2 1to 2 4yearsoldhealthymedi calstudentsenrolledinZhejiangUniversityCol legeofMedicinevolunteeredforthestudy .Theyconsistedof1 1malesand 1 3femalesweightsallwithinthenormalrangefortheirheightaccordingtoChinesenorms.Me…     

Responses to oral glucose challenge differ by physical activity volume and intensity: A pilot study

BackgroundOne-hour postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Physical activity (PA) has short-term beneficial effects on post-meal glucose response. This study compared the oral glucose tolerance test results of 3 groups of people with habitually different levels of PA.MethodsThirty-one adults without diabetes (age 25.9 ± 6.6 years; body mass index 23.8 ± 3.8 kg/m²; mean ± SD) were recruited and divided into 3 groups based on self-reported PA volume and intensity: low activity < 30 min/day of moderate-intensity activity (n = 11), moderately active ≥ 30 min/day of moderate-intensity PA (n = 10), and very active ≥ 60 min/day of PA at high intensity (n = 10). Participants completed an oral glucose tolerance test (50 g glucose) with capillary blood samples obtained at baseline, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min post-ingestion.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups for age or body fat percentage or glycated hemoglobin (p > 0.05). The groups were significantly different in terms of baseline glucose level (p = 0.003) and, marginally, for gender (p = 0.053) and BMI (p = 0.050). There was a statistically significant effect of PA on the 1-h postprandial glucose results (p = 0.029), with differences between very active and low activity groups (p = 0.008) but not between the moderately active and low activity groups (p = 0.360), even when baseline glucose level and gender differences were accounted for. For incremental area under the curve there was no significant effect of activity group once gender and body fat percentage had been accounted for (p = 0.401). Those in the low activity group took 15 min longer to reach peak glucose level than those in the very active group (p = 0.012).ConclusionThe results suggest that high levels of PA have a beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose profiles when compared to low and moderate levels of activity.     

有氧运动对糖尿病大鼠血糖等生化指标的影响

观察有氧运动对糖尿病模型大鼠血糖等生化指标的影响。四氧嘧啶诱导的糖尿病大鼠20只,随机分为实验组（10只）和对照组（10只）。实验组动物进行45d连续跑台运动,第46d断头取血测血糖、转氨酶、尿素氮和血常规指标。结果发现：有氧运动对糖尿病大鼠的BUN、MCV、MCH、MCHC无显著性（p〉0.05）影响;但与对照组相比,血糖、GPT、RBC、HCT、HGB、RDW、PLT、WBC却发生了显著性（p〈0.05）变化。     

测功仪训练对皮艇运动员耐酸能力的影响研究

以湖北队8名男子皮艇运动员为研究对象,运用皮艇测功仪进行测试,观察运动员在定量负荷下血乳酸值的变化,以评价测功仪训练对运动员耐酸能力的影响。结果：在周期训练过程中,男子皮艇运动员的平均乳酸阈功率显著提高（P〈0.05）;250m测试成绩显著提高（P〈0.05）,个别队员极显著（P〈0.01）。结论：乳酸阈功率显著提高,说明周期训练有效提高了运动员的耐酸能力。     

太极拳锻炼对心血管机能和血流流变学的影响

通过文献资料法、统计分析法、Delphi调查法、综合归纳法等研究太极拳锻炼对心血管机能和血流流变学的影响 ,结果表明 :长期坚持太极拳锻炼可以增强心泵机能 ,保持血管弹性 ,增加免疫球蛋白含量 ,提高心血管调节能力 ,促进微循环改善 ,从而延缓心血管机能的老化 ,对防治心血管疾病 ,强身健体 ,延年益寿起到良好作用     

运动与血睾酮

血睾酮作为雄性激素的代表，与机体的运动能力有密切的关系。本文综述了血睾酮的生理特点、作用、以及运动对血睾酮影响的研究进展，旨在促进国内体育科学工作者对血睾酮有更深的理解、研究和应用     

Different types of compression clothing do not increase sub-maximal and maximal endurance performance in well-trained athletes

Abstract

Three textiles with increasing compressive surface were compared with non-compressive conventional clothing on physiological and perceptual variables during sub-maximal and maximal running. Fifteen well-trained endurance athletes (mean ± s: age 27.1 ± 4.8 years, [Vdot]O_2max 63.7 ± 4.9 ml · min^?1 · kg^?1) performed four sub-maximal (～70%[Vdot]O_2max) and maximal tests with and without different compression stockings, tights, and whole-body compression suits. Arterial lactate concentration, oxygen saturation and partial pressure, pH, oxygen uptake, and ratings of muscle soreness were recorded before, during, and after all tests. In addition, we assessed time to exhaustion. Sub-maximal (P = 0.22) and maximal oxygen uptake (P = 0.26), arterial lactate concentration (P = 0.16; 0.20), pH (P = 0.23; 0.46), oxygen saturation (P = 0.13; 0.26), and oxygen partial pressure (P = 0.09; 0.20) did not differ between the types of clothing (effect sizes = 0.00–0.45). Ratings of perceived exertion (P = 0.10; 0.15), muscle soreness (P = 0.09; 0.10) and time to exhaustion (P = 0.16) were also unaffected by the different clothing (effect sizes = 0.28–0.85). This was the first study to evaluate the effect on endurance performance of different types of compression clothing with increasing amounts of compressive surface. Overall, there were no performance benefits when using the compression garments.     

Effect of 6 weeks of endurance training on the lactate minimum speed

The aim of this study was to assess the sensitivity of the lactate minimum speed test to changes in endurance fitness resulting from a 6 week training intervention. Sixteen participants (mean +/- s :age 23 +/- 4 years;body mass 69.7 +/- 9.1 kg) completed 6 weeks of endurance training. Another eight participants (age 23 +/- 4 years; body mass 72.7 +/-12.5 kg) acted as non-training controls. Before and after the training intervention, all participants completed: (1) a standard multi-stage treadmill test for the assessment of VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold and running speed at a reference blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 ; and (2) the lactate minimum speed test, which involved two supramaximal exercise bouts and an 8 min walking recovery period to increase blood lactate concentration before the completion of an incremental treadmill test. Additionally, a subgroup of eight participants from the training intervention completed a series of constant-speed runs for determination of running speed at the maximal lactate steady state. The test protocols were identical before and after the 6 week intervention. The control group showed no significant changes in VO 2max , running speed at the lactate threshold, running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 or the lactate minimum speed.In the training group, there was a significant increase in VO 2max (from 47.9 +/- 8.4 to 52.2 +/- 2.7 ml.kg -1 .min -1 ), running speed at the maximal lactate steady state (from 13.3 +/- 1.7 to 13.9 +/- 1.6 km.h -1 ), running speed at the lactate threshold (from 11.2 +/- 1.8 to 11.9 +/- 1.8 km.h -1 ) and running speed at a blood lactate concentration of 3 mmol.l -1 (from 12.5 +/- 2.2 to 13.2 +/- 2.1 km.h -1 ) (all P ? 0.05). Despite these clear improvements in aerobic fitness, there was no significant difference in lactate minimum speed after the training intervention (from 11.0 +/- 0.7 to 10.9 +/- 1.7 km.h -1 ). The results demonstrate that the lactate minimum speed,when assessed using the same exercise protocol before and after 6 weeks of aerobic exercise training, is not sensitive to changes in endurance capacity.     

补糖对不同时间运动后小鼠酮体代谢的影响

将昆明种4~6周龄雄性小白鼠随机分为补糖和补水对照组。每组均设安静组、定量运动组和力竭运动组。补糖采用浓度为5%葡萄糖与7%低聚糖的混合溶液。定量运动组做一次性静水负重游泳运动,持续时间为1h。力竭组与定量组运动形式相同,运动时间至力竭。分别测定血液、肝脏、骨骼肌和脑中的酮体(Ketone Body,KB),肝、骨骼肌糖原以及血糖、脑糖、血清游离脂肪酸(FFA)等指标。结果显示:与补糖组相比,1h游泳运动后补水组血清FFA有升高趋势,但无显著性差异,补水组小鼠血酮体浓度显著升高(P<0.05);力竭运动后补水组骨骼肌、肝脏中酮体含量显著高于补糖组(P<0.05)。提示:小鼠机体糖状况直接影响运动中的酮体代谢,运动性酮体代谢与体内糖储备以及脂肪分解状况有关。