TDM政策实施及评价综述

交通拥挤问题是目前城市社会系统面临的日益严重的问题之一。本文通过对可变工作制、道路拥挤收费、合乘车和电子办公等交通需求管理政策的实施情况和评价指标进行总结论述，证明了从控制交通需求入手，对交通需求进行合理控制和引导，是解决城市交通供需矛盾的根本方法，对于我国推广交通需求管理策略的实施和研究有一定的借鉴意义。     

Systematically increasing contextual interference is beneficial for learning sport skills

Abstract

To better understand the contextual interference effect, in two experiments we investigated a form of practice schedule that provided novices with systematic increases in contextual interference. This new type of practice schedule was compared with traditional blocked and random scheduling for two types of sports skills. In Experiment 1, we tested the hypothesis that practising variations of the same task with systematic increases in contextual interference would lead to superior performance compared with blocked or random scheduling. Participants practised golf putting tasks following a blocked, random or increasing schedule, which involved initial blocked trials, followed by serial practice trials, and ended with random scheduling. Participants who followed the increasing schedule had superior retention test performance. In Experiment 2, we tested if these learning benefits were observed when learning tasks controlled by different generalized motor programs. Participants practised three different basketball passes (chest, overhead, single arm) in a blocked, random or increasing schedule. Participants practising with gradual increases in contextual interference performed better on retention and transfer tests than participants practising with blocked or random scheduling. The results of these two experiments indicate that a practice schedule offering systematic increases in contextual interference facilitates skill learning.     

供应链金融动因分析及其流程设计

作为物流金融的深化和发展,供应链金融为所涉及的主体带来了巨大的利益预期。在辨析物流金融与供应链金融异同的基础上,分析供应链金融的形成动因,并设计了供应链金融模式的运作流程。     

《中文新闻信息分类与代码》复分表评介——兼与《中国图书馆分类法》比较

《中文新闻信息分类与代码》是我国第一部以国家标准形式颁布的新闻分类法,由于主表类目只有5 000多条,复分表在提高标引能力方面具有重要作用。以新闻信息分类为例,对《中文新闻信息分类与代码》的复分表进行较为全面的介绍,并与《中国图书馆分类法》(文中简称“《中图法》”)的复分表进行比较,体会到《中文新闻信息分类与代码》复分表具有鲜明的新闻特色,使用方便。同时也提出复分表中的一些可商榷之处及相应的建议,供完善新闻分类法参考。     

电力市场的输电阻塞管理

利用最优化原理设计一种简明、合理的阻塞费用计算规则，提出了电力市场中进行阻塞调度的一种方法．该方法以发电机出力调整的成本最小(即阻塞费用最小)为目标函数，考虑了电力市场中的约束条件，得到既保证电力系统经济性又满足电力系统安全性的最优调度计划方案．通过实例计算表明该方法正确、可行．     

企业主生产计划编制研究

主生产计划核心是保证生产计划与规定的需求和所使用的资源取得一致,在计划管理中起着龙头作用.编制主生产计划时,须遵循最少项目、适当稳定和以需定产等原则,在程序上强调严格性,在方法上注意科学性.编制完成后,还要对计划的执行情况及时进行总结,以提高计划的效益.总之,编制主生产计划是一项系统性的工作,过程的平衡性很重要,结果的...     

模糊交货期和模糊优先下的单机调度问题

A single machine scheduling problem involving fuzzy due dates and fuzzy precedence constraints is investigated. The fuzzy precedence reflects the satisfaction level with respect to precedence between two jobs. A membership function is associated with each job Ji, which describes the degree of satisfaction with respect to completion time of Ji. For the bi-criteria scheduling problem, an 0 （ n^3 ） algorithm is proposed for finding nondominated solutions.     

Self-efficacy and the recognition of prior learning

Abstract

Recognition of prior learning (RPL) is a relatively new concept in South Africa, which has been introduced as a mechanism grounded in the educational transformational policies of the African National Congress (ANC) to redress the historical legacy of apartheid. This paper attempts to determine the impact of the RPL outcomes of a module on the self-efficacy of in-service educators involved in a BEd (upgrade) programme. The methodology included the gathering of quantitative and qualitative data through the administering of pre- and post-intervention self-efficacy questionnaires and focus-group interviews. Other foci were the biographical background of the students and the portfolios of evidence they produced during the course of the module. The data generated reveal a statistically significant improvement in the participating students’ self-efficacy over the course of the module, but draw attention to the negative impact of context in previously disadvantaged South African schools. The significance of this research lies not only in the interrogation of an innovative approach to dealing with RPL issues in an academic programme, as well as its possible influence on teacher self-efficacy, but also in its contribution to the academic debate about the RPL process currently taking place both locally and internationally.     

Recovery profiles following single and multiple matches per week in professional football

Abstract

Objectives: To investigate player responses 48?h post single (SM) and multi-match (MM) weeks on two subjective and three objective outcome measures to infer recovery status. Methods: From 42 professional players over 2 seasons, outcome measures relevant to recovery status were collected 48?h following matches, as well as during pre-season training weeks as a comparative baseline. These included (1) 5-item subjective wellness questionnaire, (2) total quality recovery (TQR) scale, (3) hip adduction squeeze test, ankle knee to wall (KTW) test, and active knee extension (AKE) flexibility test. These outcome measures 48?h post-match were compared for SM (n?=?79) and MM (n?=?86) weeks where players completed >75?min of match time in only one (SM) or if both matches were played and had <96?h recovery (MM). Internal match load was collected from each match based on session rating of perceived exertion (sRPE) multiplied by match duration. Results: Subjective wellness (specifically fatigue, sleep and soreness), TQR and hip adduction squeeze test were all significantly reduced following match 1 at 48?h post for both SM and MM (p?<?0.05), and further reduced following match 2 in MM (p?<?0.05). No other outcome measures to infer recovery showed significant differences (p?>?0.05) within or between-conditions. Conclusions: Subjective wellness, TQR and hip adduction strength showed reduction 48?h post match for players competing in multiple matches with <96?h recovery. Therefore, these outcome measures may be of use to practitioners to assess readiness to compete during congested competition schedules.     

Planning middle school schedules for improved attention and achievement

The literature describes research comparing scholastic success in the morning and afternoon in elementary and high schools. The present study examines the relationship between time of day and scholastic performance in middle school. The progress of 850 seventh and eighth grade students in academic subjects taught at different hours of the day was studied. Mean achievement, as expressed in final grades, rose moderately from morning lessons to those conducted at later hours. Significant but temporary declines in achievement were observed immediately after the 10:00 recess and again during the 13:00 lesson. Variance within classes increased sharply during the day. Previous studies attributed such changes to biological rhythms. This paper indicates that many diurnal changes in scholastic performance may be clarified by integration of concepts of biological rhythms with current theories with respect to attention level. Implications of these findings for planning daily school schedules are discussed.