学校体育伤害事故法律问题研究

本文通过文献资料法、比较研究法、案例法，对学校体育伤害事故的有关法律问题作了初步分析。     

对热应激、脑损伤与机体免疫间关系的研究

高温环境下长时间暴露或长时间、大强度运动容易导致脑组织微观结构损伤、机体免疫机能下降。损伤机制与高温、自由基、磷脂酶A2、氨基酸及NO代谢有关。高温环境下脑损伤与机能免疫机能下降之间可能存在直接关系。     

一种基于Kalman滤波和能量原理的实时损伤识别方法(英文)

目的:建立一种损伤识别方法,能够实时地监测多自由度复杂结构中构件的损伤情况。方法:1.用能量原理对结构刚度进行解构,建立结构单元刚度和节点响应之间的关系;2.用Kalman滤波原理分析结构刚度的预测值和测量值,迅速对结构的刚度进行识别(图6–9);3.对每一步计算进行耗时监测,确保算法的实时性(图10)。结论:1.该方法能够较准确地得到结构的刚度信息,同时得出损伤单元的损伤位置和损伤量;并且收敛速度快,计算量小,具有很强的实时性和抗噪能力;2.对于本文的桁架结构,所有杆件刚度均能在0.4 s内收敛,平均每一荷载步计算时间约为0.0012 s,小于采样周期1/256 s,说明该方法可以迅速、准确地对结构进行实时的监测。     

一种腐蚀疲劳损伤的非线性累加演化模型

研究目的：提出一种新的腐蚀疲劳损伤演化模型,建立基于损伤演化的腐蚀疲劳寿命预测模型。创新要点：将应力腐蚀损伤与疲劳损伤非线性耦合,建立腐蚀疲劳损伤演化律,依托实验确定腐蚀疲劳损伤演化参数,形成基于损伤演化律的腐蚀疲劳寿命预测模型。研究方法：采用理论研究与实验验证相结合的研究方法。选取特定材料设计应力腐蚀实验,回归应力腐蚀门槛值应力和损伤参数（图2）;查阅疲劳实验数据建：立变幅疲劳损伤模型,将应力腐蚀损伤与变幅疲劳损伤非线性累加形成腐蚀疲劳损伤非线性演化模型。根据腐蚀疲劳实验结果,验证腐蚀疲劳损伤演化模型并确定非线性损伤累加参数（图5和6）,形成基于损伤演化律的腐蚀疲劳寿命预测模型。重要结论：从损伤力学角度,将材料的腐蚀疲劳损伤处理成应力腐蚀损伤与疲劳损伤的非线性累加,形成腐蚀疲劳损伤演化模型。结合LY12CZ铝合金的试验结果,验证了损伤演化模型的可行性。该方法可以为材料腐蚀疲劳的寿命评价研究提供新的思路。     

论违约精神损害赔偿

传统理论认为。精神损害赔偿适用于侵权民事责任，精神赔偿不能扩展到合同关系。随着社会的发展，英美法系和大陆法系国家的立法和司法支持了违约精神损害的赔偿请求。我国应借鉴国外立法经验，在违约之诉中有限度地承认精神损害赔偿。     

Influence of freezing rate on cryo-damage of cementitious material

We report an experimental investigation on the impact of the freezing rate on the cryo-deformation and cryo-damage of cementitious materials. Saturated, dried and air-entrained mortar specimens are subjected to laboratory freeze-thaw cycles under three freezing rates without moisture exchange with the environment. In addition to basic mechanical properties and pore distribution, the measurement is also effectuated for freezing expansion, residual deformation of the specimens in each cycle. From the results it is observed that a high freezing rate does augment the freezing expansion of material while the cryo-damage is more important for a low freezing rate. Accordingly, both the freezing rate and freezing duration should be taken into account for the cyro-damage extent of cementitious materials.     

Use of probabilistic and deterministic measures to identify unfavorable earthquake records

This study introduces measures to identify resonant （concentration of energy in a single or a few frequencies） or unfavorable earthquake ground motions. Probabilistic measures based on the entropy rate and the geometric properties of the power spectral density function （PSDF） of the ground acceleration are developed first. Subsequently, deterministic measures for the frequency content of the ground acceleration are also developed. These measures are then used for identifying resonance and criticality in stochastic earthquake models and 110 acceleration records measured at rock, stiff, medium and soft soil sites. The unfavorable earthquake record for a given structure is defined as the record having a narrow frequency content and dominant frequency close to the structure fundamental natural frequency. Accordingly, the measures developed in this study may provide a basis for selecting records that are capable of producing the highest structural response. Numerical verifications are provided on damage caused to structures by identified resonant records.     

湖南省第七届民运会高脚竞速运动员损伤的调查与分析

运用问卷调查、文献资料和数理统计等研究方法,对湖南省第七届少数民族运动会高脚竞速运动员在训练、比赛中所产生的运动损伤情况进行追踪调查与分析。结果表明,高脚竞速主要损伤部位是手掌、拇指内侧、膝关节、足趾、踝关节及大小腿肌肉群等。分析认为,准备活动不充分、技术不正确或不熟练、运动负荷过大、身体疲劳、场地器材的不适合等是造成损伤的主要原因。建议从运动训练学、运动医学角度进行防治,最大限度地减少其发生率,将有助于高脚马运动水平的不断提高。     

盗窃罪与故意毁坏财物罪比较分析

通过对盗窃罪和故意毁坏财物罪犯罪构成要件中的相同和不同之处进行充分比较,对涉及两罪的易混淆概念进行充分阐释,可以进一步把握两罪的主客观特点,从而在判定涉及到两罪犯罪行为时定性更加准确。