大学生田径运动员的运动损伤流行病学调查与分析

目18支大学生田径运动队共计342人进行了运动损伤的调查及病因分析。结果显示:运动损伤主要为踝关节扭伤,股后肌群拉伤,膑骨劳损,腰背肌损伤等。发生的主要原因:训练组织不合理,身体机能欠佳,训练水平不够,心理状态不良等。建议运动损伤应从运动训练、组织管理、心理教育等角度进行防治并举,最大限度地减少其发生率。     

安徽省奶牛隐孢子虫病流行病学调查

为了查明安徽省奶牛隐孢子虫感染与地理分布情况,选取该省境内4个奶牛场进行了奶牛隐孢子虫感染情况的调查,结果在26头奶牛的粪样中查到了隐孢子虫卵囊,其感染率为5.18%(26/502).经鉴定,所获虫体为鼠隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium muris)和小隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium parvum).     

时间使用流行病学在身体活动研究领域的应用

身体活动与健康促进是公共卫生及运动科学领域研究的重点方向之一。个体一日24 h由睡眠、久坐及各种强度的身体活动组成,已有研究多从单一维度探讨这些行为对健康的影响,忽视了身体活动、久坐、睡眠等行为之间的内在联系及对健康结果的综合影响,可能使相应行为与健康效应间的关联产生偏差。时间使用流行病学研究方法的引入克服了这一不足。以“时间分配”作为切入点,综述国际学术界关于身体活动、久坐和睡眠行为对健康影响的研究现状,并系统阐述了等时替代研究方法、活动-平衡模型、时间使用流行病学的发展及其研究框架。基于此,展望了时间使用流行病学相关理论在身体活动研究领域的应用前景:1、开发新式测量工具并完善数据收集和分析方法;2、建立有关时间使用模式的综合评价体系;3、制订我国大众人群的活动-平衡时间分配推荐指南方案。     

互联网上的流行病学信息资源及其对相关学科期刊发展的影响

随着网络信息的发展,流行病学对信息的需求更迅速更宽广,网络已成为获取流行病学专业信息的最佳信息源.同时网络的优势给流行病学学科的发展带来机遇,在该学科领域的各个方面发挥了不可替代的作用.而作为该学科领域的期刊必须应对这个挑战.     

Drug overdose and child maltreatment across the United States’ rural-urban continuum

This national study of US counties (n = 2963) investigated whether county-level drug overdose mortality is associated with maltreatment report rates, and whether the relationship between overdose mortality and maltreatment reports is moderated by a county’s rural, non-metro or metro status. Data included county-level 2015 maltreatment reports from the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, modeled drug-overdose mortality from the Centers for Disease Control, United States Department of Agriculture Rural-Urban Continuum Codes, US Census demographic data and crime reports from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. All data were linked across counties. Zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression was used for county-level analysis. As hypothesized, results from the ZINB model showed a significant and positive relationship between drug overdose mortality and child maltreatment report rates (χ = 101.26, p < .0001). This relationship was moderated by position on the rural-urban continuum (χ=8.76, p = .01). For metro counties, there was a 1.9% increase in maltreatment report rate for each additional increment of overdose deaths (IRR=1.019, CI=[1.010, 1.028]). For non-metro counties, the rate of increase was 1.8% higher than for metro counties (IRR=1.018, CI=[1.006, 1.030]); for rural counties, the rate of increase was 1.2% higher than for metro counties (IRR=1.012, CI=[0.999, 1.026]). Additional research is needed to determine why the relationship between drug overdose mortality and maltreatment reports is stronger in non-metro and rural communities. One potential driver requiring additional inquiry is that access to mental and physical health care and substance use treatment may be more limited outside of metropolitan counties.     

合肥地区犬隐孢子虫病流行病学调查

为了查明合肥地区犬隐孢子虫感染情况,对该地区232只犬进行了隐孢子虫感染情况的调查,结果在24只犬的粪样中查到了隐孢子虫卵囊,其感染率为10.34%(24/232).对不同调查点、不同年龄段的犬隐孢子虫感染率与感染强度进行统计分析后发现,采样地点不同,犬隐孢子虫的感染率有所不同;犬隐孢子虫的感染率存在年龄差异,年龄越小,感染率越高;成年犬的感染强度则较强.经形态学鉴定,所获虫体为微小隐孢子虫(Cryptosporidium parvum).     

从单中心大型超声心动图数据分析近十年中国心脏疾病患病率的变化趋势

There is a paucity of data regarding trends in the incidence of heart disease in China during recent years. Using a large echocardiography database in our center, we analyzed trends in the prevalence of several common heart diseases from Dec. 2003. This study retrospectively analyzed the echocardiographic database in our Department from 2003 to 2012. A total of 385 682 cases were included in the study. The prevalence of rheumatic heart disease decreased over the 10-year period, from 4.04% in 2003 to 3.06% in 2012 (P<0.01). Infective endocarditis also decreased, from a mean prevalence of 0.37% in July 2003 to 0.27% in Dec. 2008 (P<0.001). The prevalence of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which includes 20% apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and 20% hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy, was about 1.8%. The prevalence of the three most common adult congenital heart diseases (CHDs) decreased by about 10% from July 2003 to Dec. 2008 (all P<0.001). The prevalence of moderate pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) or left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) decreased during the 10-year period (P<0.001), but there was no change in the prevalence of severe PAH or LVSD (P>0.05). The present study indirectly demonstrates that the prevalence of several common heart diseases in China has declined in recent years.     

女排队员扣球落地姿势致使膝、踝关节运动创伤流行病学研究

为了探究67名各层次女排队员错误的扣球落地姿势致使膝、踝关节运动创伤的原因及预防对策。采用文献、观察、访谈、问卷调查、比较分析等方法。最后得出：扣球技术不正确是造成异侧脚落地,引起膝、踝关节损伤的重要原因;创伤患病率膝较踝关节高;但少年队员则相反;主攻患者较付攻多,二传则少。双脚同时落地、从事过田径等运动、半路改行者损伤少;年龄小,训练年限短者发病率低。建议：规范扣球落地动作;科学安排好运动负荷;处理好比赛、训练、专项素质和全面身体素质训练的关系;重视准备与整理活动;加强医务监督和预防伤病教育。     

国家青年女子垒球集训队伤情分析

对国家青年女子垒球队进行伤情调查表明,１００％诊断有慢性损伤,且集中发生在肩、腰等部位,其次为肘、腕、膝、踝等部位,发病原因及机制现该项运动肩、腰反复超常密切相关。应有针对性地进行准备和整理活动,加强肌力训练,实施早期有效治疗及使用保护支持带等,可预防和减少伤病的发生。