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排序方式: 共有125条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Danielle M. Logue Sharon M. Madigan Mirjam Heinen Sarah-Jane McDonnell Eamonn Delahunt Clare A. Corish 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(1):112-122
ABSTRACTIntroduction: Low energy availability (LEA) results in physiological adaptations, which can contribute to unfavourable health outcomes. Little information exists on risk of LEA in active individuals competing in different sports or levels of competition. The aims of this study were to (1) identify risk of LEA in females competing at different levels of competition and (2) investigate associations between risk of LEA, illness and dietary habits. Methods: The validated questionnaire, ‘Low Energy Availability in Females Questionnaire’ was distributed online (November 2016–February 2017) to assess risk of LEA. Twenty-nine additional questions collected information on demographics, illness history and dietary habits. Participants were considered at risk of LEA if they attained a score of?≥?8 and were grouped into: (i) international; (ii) provincial/inter-county; (iii) competitive; and (iv) recreationally active. Chi-square and logistic regression analyses were used to explore differences between those at risk or not at risk of LEA. Results: Risk of LEA was identified in 40% (n?=?331) of 833 participants and was 1.7 and 1.8 times more likely in international and provincial/inter-county athletes compared to those who were recreationally active (International: odds ratios (OR) 1.68, 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) 1.12–2.54; Provincial/inter-county: OR 1.83, 95%CI 1.20–2.77). In participants at risk of LEA, missing >22 days of training during the previous year due to illness occurred 3 times more frequently (OR 3.01, 95%CI 1.81–5.02). Conclusion: Risk of LEA was widespread in this heterogeneous sample. Awareness of LEA and the development of appropriate energy management strategies to ensure athlete health across levels of competition are required. 相似文献
2.
Kirsty Jayne Elliott-Sale Ashley Graham Stephanie Jane Hanley Sherry Blumenthal Craig Sale 《European Journal of Sport Science》2019,19(1):62-70
AbstractMaternal dietary habits influence maternal and foetal health, representing a pathway for intervention to maximise pregnancy outcomes. Advice on energy intake is provided on a trimester basis, with no additional calories required in the first trimester and an additional 340?kcal?d?1 and 452?kcal?d?1 needed for the second and third trimesters. Energy intake depends on pre-gravid body mass index (BMI); underweight women are recommended an increase of 150, 200 and 300?kcal?d?1 during the first, second and third trimester, normal weight women an increase of 0, 350 and 500?kcal?d?1 and obese women an increase of 0, 450 and 350?kcal?day?1. The recommendations for carbohydrate and protein intake are 175?g?d?1 and 0.88–1.1?g?kgBM?d?1, with no change to fat intake. The number of pre-gravid obese women is rising; therefore, we need to regulate weight in women of childbearing age and limit gestational weight gain to within the recommended ranges [overweight women 6.8–11.3?kg and obese women 5.0–9.1?kg]. This can be achieved using nutritional interventions, as dietary changes have been shown to help with gestational weight management. As pregnancy has been identified as a risk factor for the development of obesity, normal weight women should gain 11.5–16.0?kg during pregnancy. While some research has shown that dietary interventions help to regulate gestational weight gain and promote postpartum weight loss to some extent, future research is needed to provide safe and effective guidelines to maximise these effects, while benefitting maternal and foetal health. 相似文献
3.
In Western societies scientists are increasingly expected to seek media exposure and cooperate with industry. Little attention
has been given to the way such expectations affect the role of scientific experts in society. To investigate scientists’ own
perspectives on these issues eight exploratory, in-depth interviews were conducted in Denmark with reputable nutrition scientists.
Additionally, eight interviews were held with ‘key informants’ from the field of nutrition policy. It was found that nutrition
scientists experience two dilemmas: first, between their aspiration to make a collective impact on public health and the powerful
incentives of each to appear frequently in the media with new messages; second, between their need to cooperate with the food
industry for financial reasons and their fear that this may compromise their independence and scientific integrity. It is
argued that the dilemmas identified in this study should be dealt with openly by the relevant groups of scientists. 相似文献
4.
对近年国内公开发表的赛艇队员生化指标研究的论文进行综述。结果发现:目前对赛艇队员血色素、尿素氮、肌酸激酶、血乳酸等生化指标研究已有较多科研成果,对免疫和内分泌系统,以及运动员选材、运动营养等方面综合考虑的生化指标研究也有更多地关注和研究。 相似文献
5.
把西南地区少数民族学生的体格营养指数作为一个连续型的随机变量进行正态性检验,研究表明:6个体格营养指数都服从正态分布,根据正态分布理论制定出综合测量少数民族大学生体格营养状的度量标准。 相似文献
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7.
Three cooking methods, namely boiling, steaming, and stir-frying for 5 to 10 min, were used to evaluate the effect on nutrient
components, free amino acids, l-ascorbic acid, total phenolic contents, and antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoots (Phyllostachys praecox). Results showed that boiling and stir-frying had a great effect on the nutrient components and they decreased the contents
of protein, soluble sugar, and ash, and caused a great loss in the total free amino acids (decreased by 38.35% and 34.86%,
respectively). Significant differences (P<0.05) in free amino acids were observed in the samples cooked by different methods. Stir-fried bamboo shoots had a high fat
content which increased by 528.57% because of the addition of edible oil. After boiling, the L-ascorbic acid and total phenolic
contents were significantly reduced, while steaming increased total phenolic content by 3.98% and stir-frying well-preserved
L-ascorbic acid (78.87% of its previous content). Results of the antioxidative property study showed that stir-frying could
increase antioxidant capacities of bamboo shoots. It is concluded that stir-frying is more suitable for bamboo shoots because
it could obtain the maximum retention of antioxidant capacities. 相似文献
8.
作者通过对四川省青川县和彭州市两个地震灾区6-24个月龄婴幼儿健康状况的统计分析,发现该地区生长发育状况不佳,存在营养不良现象,其中贫血率较高。经过对比进行营养包6个月干预后的人群统计分析,发现营养状况稍得到改善,其中彭州市目标人群贫血改善明显,由此提出面对四川其它或其它类似贫困地震地区,由于贫困,天灾必然加剧受灾人群的营养状况,特别是贫血率状况,针对这些地区的求援,必须紧迫加强营养包的干预,而且需要持续性的干预,比较可靠的预算应该在灾难期6个月以上方有一定的作用,同时必要的管理措施有利于保证营养干预对象的稳定性,提高营养干预的有效性的。 相似文献
9.
10.
李晓琳 《哈尔滨体育学院学报》2014,(3):10-13
为了给冰雪项目运动员安排科学合理的训练,进而有效提高运动成绩提供详实的理论依据,本文以文献资料法对冰雪项目运动员免疫机能抑制机制与营养干预手段进行了研究综述。通过整理分析发现,冰雪项目运动员为克服低温、大强度训练对机体造成的影响,在膳食中应注意糖、蛋白质、脂肪的摄入比例,同时注意加强维生素E、维生素C、维生素A等维生素和锌、铁、硒等微量元素的摄入。中成药以其疗效确切、副作用小的特点,在运动医学领域应用日趋广泛,必要时可以适当运用。 相似文献