SRM系统在短距离自行车专项能力测试与评定中的应用研究

应用场地SRM系统对上海自行车队重点队员6人的场地专项训练分阶段进行跟踪测试,以便筛选有效指标评价短距离自行车主要专项能力。结果表明,在短距离自行车爆发力评价中,最大功率和平均功率、最大频率和平均频率是反映运动能力的有效指标;平均功率和平均频率是反映力量耐力的有效指标;在对短距离自行车专项最大速度的评价中,最大频率和平均频率是反应运动能力的有效指标;而平均频率是反映高速耐力的有效指标。     

Comparison of methods for determining power generated on a rope-braked cycle ergometer during low-intensity exercise

This study compares the instrumentation and analysis techniques used when determining the power expended pedalling a rope-braked ergometer manufactured by Monark (Sweden) during a low intensity test. Power values were generated by eight subjects. The instrumentation consisted of load cells to measure the rope brake forces, a tachometer to measure the flywheel velocity and instrumented pedal cranks manufactured by Schoberer Rad Messtechnik (SRM). The subjects pedalled a rope-braked ergometer at 60 rev min^-1, against a resistance of 3 kg, for 5 minutes. Three different measurements of the mean power were recorded and these were compared with the value given by Monark. The SRM cranks provided two sets of results using different software packages supplied with the cranks. SRM standard software is used for taking measurements during training and cycle races over long time periods. An additional piece of software is provided by SRM called Ptnew, which gives readings of torque and pedal cadence over periods up to 30 seconds. Using the values supplied by Monark each subject generated 180 W of power. The mean power for the eight subjects, measured using the SRM cranks, was 170.36 W (SD 4.11) using the alternative SRM software (Ptnew) over a 30 second period and 173.68 W (SD 2.21) using the standard SRM software. From the direct measurement of the brake forces and flywheel velocity the mean power across the eight subjects was 148.90 W (SD 5.89). The SRM cranks measure the input power, whereas the direct measurement system measures the power output excluding mechanical losses. These values give a figure for the mechanical efficiency for the roped-braked ergometer of 88%. It was found that Monark overestimates the power generated by the subjects when compared with both the SRM systems and the direct measurement instrumentation.     

基于DSP的SRD系统实验平台设计

通过对开关磁阻电机调速系统基本原理和控制方法的研究，结合数字信号处理器TMS320LF2407芯片的自身资源特点，设计了一种小功率教学实验用开关磁阻电机调速系统。该实验系统能满足对开关磁阻电动机的实验教学要求。     

Comparison of different theoretical models estimating peak power output and maximal oxygen uptake in trained and elite triathletes and endurance cyclists in the velodrome

Abstract

The primary objective of this study was to examine the relationship between heart rate intensity and pedometer step counts in adolescents. To determine cardiorespiratory fitness, 106 participants (47 boys, 59 girls, mean age 14.2 years, s = 0.8) completed the Queen's College Step Test and were classified as having low, moderate or high cardiorespiratory fitness. Adolescents also completed a 10-min treadmill trial while wearing a pedometer and heart rate monitor. The participants were instructed to maintain their heart rate between 65 and 75% of their maximum heart rate while running or walking on a treadmill. A heart rate of 65–75% maximum was associated with 146 steps per minute (s = 22) in boys and 137 steps per minute (s = 22) in girls. Results of analysis of variance indicated that there was a main effect for level of fitness (F _2,102 = 9.36, P < 0.001). The correlation between mean steps per minute and estimated maximum oxygen consumption was statistically significant (r = 0.44, P < 0.001). The results from this study suggest that a step rate of 130 steps per minute is equal to 65–75% maximum heart rate in low-fit adolescents and achieving 130 steps per minute could be used as an initial goal to improve fitness.     

Cycling power output produced during flat and mountain stages in the Giro d'Italia: A case study

Abstract

Until recently, the physiological demands of cycling competitions were mostly reflected by the measurement of heart rate and the indirect estimation of exercise intensity. The purpose of this case study was to illustrate the varying power output of a professional cyclist during flat and mountain stages of a Grand Tour (Giro d'Italia). Nine stage recordings of a cyclist of the 2005 Giro d'Italia were monitored using a mobile power measurement device (SRM Trainingssystem, Julich, Germany), which recorded direct power output and heart rate. Stages were categorized into flat (n = 5) and mountain stages (n = 4). Data were processed electronically, and the overall mean power in flat and mountain stages and maximal mean power for various durations were calculated. Mean power output was 132 W ± 26 (2.0 W · kg^?1 ± 0.4) for the flat and 235 W ± 10 (3.5 W · kg^?1 ± 0.1) for the mountain stages. Mountain stages showed higher maximal mean power (367 W) for longer durations (1800 s) than flat stages (239 W). Flat stages are characterized by a large variability of power output with short bursts of high power and long periods with reduced intensity of exercise, whereas mountain stages mostly require submaximal, constant power output over longer periods.     

场地自行车在直弯道之间的速度波动研究

用5台德国产自行车数据收集分析系统(SRM自行车仪),收集、处理在南京、深圳、昆明等场地自行车训练和比赛的生物力学数据,按照不同场地,不同骑行速度计算人车系统在进出直弯道时平均速度和最大速度的变化。结果表明:速度波动与场地半径有显著性关系。当自行车从直道进入弯道时速度增加,而自行车从弯道进入直道时速度减小。250m场地上的速度波动比333.3m场地更大。速度波动与运动员骑行速度没有显著性关系。     

上海自行车短组运动员冬训过程监控及效果评价

以训练中的实际需要为着眼点,对训练中运动员的生理生化指标、运动训练负荷以及运动生物力学等指标的变化进行分析和研究。在跟随上海自行车队短组运动员进行冬训的过程中,使用SRM系统、Wattbike功率车以及血细胞分析仪等仪器,跟踪采集自行车短组运动员冬训期间场地训练和功率车专项训练的各项数据,研究其变化规律,综合评价冬训的效果;使用BP神经网络方法,进一步挖掘训练过程的各项指标变化规律,并建立了冬训效果的BP神经网络预测模型。     

不同踏蹬频率下自行车运动员踏蹬力研究

利用SRM功率车以及安装在功率车上的测力系统(Powertec-System)研究不同踏蹬频率下场地自行车运动员一个踏蹬周期内作用于曲柄的切向踏蹬力特征。以8名自行车运动员为研究对象,在SRM功率车上进行10min、90rpm、120w的准备活动后,进行阻力负荷为500watt的骑行,踏蹬频率分别为100、120、130、140rpm,顺序随机选择,骑行稳定后,采集连续5s的踏蹬力数据。结果表明,随着踏蹬频率的提高,作用在左、右两侧曲柄的切向踏蹬力分量的正均值、均值、最大值减小,两侧切向踏蹬力分量之和的均值及峰值也减小(p<0.01);左、右侧正切向踏蹬力分量的起止位置、最值位置、双侧切向踏蹬力分量之和的峰值位置均随着踏蹬频率的增大而提前(p<0.01);在踏蹬周期的下半段,踏蹬频率越高,切向踏蹬力曲线越低,在踏蹬周期的上半段,踏蹬频率越高,切向踏蹬力曲线越高。     

SRM功率自行车模拟场地原地起动训练的研究

目的：通过对SRM功率自行车使用不同档住无氧测试结果的比较，并与场地原地起动训练结果对比，对自行车运动员原地起动能力的实验室测试、评定方法进行探讨。方法：8名优秀男子短距离自行车运动员使用SRM功率自行车9～13档进行15s起动测试和场地166m原地起动训练，对测试结果进行比较、分析。结果：用SRM功率自行车在选择不同档住进行测试时，Pmax除了在9～10、10～11、11～12之间没有显著性差异之外，其余各档住之间都有显著性差异。SRM功率自行车11档测出的TPmax、TCmax、Cmax结果与场地测试结果之间无显著性差异。结论：1）运动员最大功率和总功率输出水平是运动能力的基础，专项最大功率的出现取决于环境阻力和选取与环境阻力相匹配的最佳传动比，阻力或频率的改变都会使人体输出功率改变。2）使用SRM功率自行车进行测试时，应根据运动员的训练水平不同，选取合适的档住，在实验室模拟场地原地起动166m训练，11档是最合适的。     

开关磁阻电机的神经网络模糊直接转矩控制研究

为在简化开关磁阻电机控制系统结构的同时又能使其具有较快的转矩响应速度,提出一种适用于开关磁阻电机直接转矩控制的神经网络模糊推理控制方案,用神经网络定子磁链观测器取代传统的定子磁链观测器,采用模糊控制算法设计逆变器开关状态选择器,利用MATLAB对系统2种不同控制方法的仿真实验结果进行比较．通过比较发现,本文的控制方法转矩、转速、磁链响应快、脉动小,具有优良的稳定跟踪性能和动态响应。