西部大开发与西部农业结构调整

农业是我国西部经济中具有相对优势的主导产业。在西部大开发中,要实现农业的现代化和持续发展,就必须调整农业结构。     

发挥学术期刊对国家西部大开发战略的科技支撑作用<林业科学>的有益尝试

西部大开发是我国政府在2000年提出的重大战略决策，生态环境建设是这一决策的重大问题之一。学术期刊应该采取积极措施，为实现这一战略发挥科技支撑作用。介绍《林业科学》在过去几年中发挥这种作用的一些探索性工作。     

20世纪陇西、青东黄土高原地区的城镇发展

20世纪是陇西、青东黄土高原地区城镇建设最为重要的时期。民国时期这一地区城镇达到300余个,较清代翻了一番,一批商业城市的著名城镇出现,城镇建设完成了由传统向近代化的过渡。新中国成立后,经过前30年的扩充和发展,城镇达到700多个。近20年来,伴随城市化进程,一个以省会兰州为全省中心,以省辖市为区域中心,以县城与乡镇为网络的城镇发展新体系已经形成。     

第二十二届男篮亚锦赛中韩实力分析

采用文献资料法、数理统计法、比较分析法等方法，对中国和韩国男篮在二十二届男篮亚锦赛中技术统计指标进行比较研究，分析中国男篮的现状。指出我国男篮整体实力不平衡、后卫相对软弱、拼抢意识和作风不强是制约我国男篮水平的主要因素。     

ENSO and Southeast Asian biomass burning modulate subtropical trans-Pacific ozone transport

Trans-Pacific transport of enhanced ozone plumes has been mainly attributed to fossil fuel combustion in Asia in spring, but less attention has been paid to vegetation fires in Asia. Here we show that the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-modulated fires in Southeast Asia, rather than Asian fossil fuel plumes, dominate the interannual variability of springtime trans-Pacific transport of ozone across the entire North Pacific Ocean. During El Niño springs, the intensified fires from both the Indochinese Peninsula and Indonesia, together with large-scale circulation anomalies, result in enhanced ozone plumes that stretch over 15 000 km in both the lower-middle and upper troposphere. This enhancement is also observed in the in situ measurements of ozone concentration, with an almost 10% increase at Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii, a unique site to monitor the long-distance transport over the North Pacific. This study reports an unexpectedly strong influence of vegetation fires, linked with climate variability, on global tropospheric chemistry and proves once more how complex the interactions in the climate system are.     

Do children spend too much time in schools? Evidence from a longer school year in Indonesia

I examine the effects of a longer school year in Indonesia on grade repetition, educational attainment, employability, and earnings. I exploit an arbitrary rule that assigned students to a longer school year in Indonesia in 1978–1979, which fits a fuzzy regression discontinuity design. I find the longer school year decreases the probability of grade repetition and increases educational attainment; it also increases the probability of working in formal sectors and wages later in life. These results suggest the length of school years in Indonesia is not too long.     

西部大开发与农村教育发展的走向

农村教育是困扰中国农村三大难题之一。西部大开发给了农村教育从低层次单一性走向各级、各类、各层次教育全面发展的必要与可能,建议采取“在教育事业发展基础上以提高教育质量为目标的战略取向”。农村教育告别“工具论”,走向“主体论”,其重要标志是看能否以“把教育公正与公平放在首位”作为教育发展价值的最大化;其科学方式是通过信息技术教育实现跨越式发展;其前提是建立贫困地区农村义务教育投入的保证机制。     

Technical analysis of a Central Asian wall painting detached from a Buddhist cave temple on the northern Silk Road

A great number of Central Asian wall paintings, archeological materials, architectural fragments, and textiles, as well as painting fragments on silk and paper, make up the so called Turfan Collection at the Asian Art Museum in Berlin. The largest part of the collection comes from the Kucha region, a very important cultural center in the third to ninth centuries. Between 1902 and 1914, four German expeditions traveled along the northern Silk Road. During these expeditions, wall paintings were detached from their original settings in Buddhist cave complexes. This paper reports a technical study of a wall painting, existing in eight fragments, from the Buddhist cave no. 40 (Ritterhöhle). Its original painted surface is soot blackened and largely illegible. Grünwedel, leader of the first and third expeditions, described the almost complete destruction of the rediscovered temple complex and evidence of fire damage. The aim of this case study is to identify the materials used for the wall paintings. Furthermore, soot deposits as well as materials from conservation interventions were of interest. Non-invasive analyses were preferred but a limited number of samples were taken to provide more precise information on the painting technique. By employing optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, a layer sequence of earthen render, a ground layer made of gypsum, and a paint layer containing a variety of inorganic pigments were identified.     

美国新中亚战略浅析

针对近年来对美国中亚战略研究的状况,文中提出了两个值得思考的问题:一,如何界定中亚范畴?二,美国的新中亚战略到底“新”在哪里?并对此作出了自己的回答。     

新加坡高等教育大众化评析

:8 0年代中期以前 ,新加坡政府一直推行英才教育政策。但是 ,80年代中后期以来 ,新加坡政府的教育观念和政策发生了很大的变化 ,其中最突出的就是扩大高等学校的招生规模 ,以便让更多的人能接受教育。这一观念和政策的转变使新加坡高等教育步入了一个快速发展的时期。本文对导致这一变化的社会经济背景 ,发展变化过程中的主要改革措施及存在的问题进行了分析和介绍