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运动对大鼠谷氨酸神经递质的量及其节律的影响

本研究运用时间生物学的研究方法,就力竭性运动对大鼠脑干、间脑和端脑3个脑层次中兴奋性氨基酸类神经递质谷氨酸(Glu)的量变及近似昼夜节律的影响进行了研究。结果发现(1)3个脑层次中Glu的含量表现出具有统计学意义的近似昼夜节律(P<0.01)。(2)择时运动对3个脑层次中Glu的含量及近似昼夜节律性产生明显的影响,其量变表现出“运动性双向量变”现象;其节律性改变表现为峰相位群体超前,中值和振幅改变。(3)为探讨“运动性双向量变”现象的生理学机制,我们提出“神经递质贮备”假说,认为“运动性双向量变”与运动前“神经递质贮备”状态有关。     

肌肽对肉鸡血清部分生化指标的影响

1日龄AA肉鸡160只,随机分成4组。1~4组饮水中肌肽添加剂量分别为0(对照组)、20(低剂量组)、40(中剂量组)、60(高剂量组)mg/L,试验期6周。于2、4、6周末每组随机取6只肉鸡心脏采血,测定血清中的谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)活力和总胆固醇(TC)的含量。结果表明:肌肽各剂量组ALT活力在2、4、6周龄时均低于对照组,但组间差异均不显著(P>0.05)。4周龄时各剂量组AST的活力均高于对照组,2、6周龄均低于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.01)。生长中期肌肽组血清胆固醇含量有所上升,生长后期略微下降,肌肽对肝脏功能没有明显的影响。     

Relationship between alanine aminotransferase levels and metabolic syndrome in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Objective:To investigate the relationship between alanine aminotransferase (ALT)levels and metabolic syndrome (MS)in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Methods:A total of 26527 subjects who received medical health checkup in our hospital from January 2005 to July 2007 were enrolled in the study.The diagnosis of fatty liver was based on ultrasound imaging.MS Was defined according to the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ.ALT,triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-c),fasting plasma glucose(FPG),height,weight,waist circumference(WC),systolic blood pressure (SBP)and diastolic blood pressure(DBP)were measured in each subject to analyze the relationship between MS and ALT activity.Results:(1)The prevalence of NAFLD in men(30.94%)was significantly higher than that in women(15.65%);(2)The incidence of MS in NAFLD(33.83%)was significantly greater than that in non-NAFLD(10.62%);(3)Of the 6470 subjects with NAFLD,in the age-adjusted partial correlation analysis,there were statistically significant correlations between the ALT levels and most metabolic risk factors in each sex(P＜0.01),except that ALT levels had no correlation with HDL-c in women.Moreover,in the multiple stepwise regression analysis,SBP lost its significance,and WC,body mass index(BMI),age,DBP,TG and FPG were independently associated with ALT levels in both sexes (P＜0.05).HDL-c remained significant and was independently related to ALT leveis in men;(4)ALT levels were significantly higher in subjects with MS compared to those without MS(P＜0.001).Mean ALT levels increased with the number of MS cornponents in each sex (P.＜0.05 for trend).Conelusion:We found a strong relationship between ALT leveIs and MS in NAFLD and revealed that the cluster of MS components might be the predictor for ALT elevations.     

茯砖茶对饮酒雌鼠肝组织4种酶含量的影响

目的：探讨茯砖茶对一次大量饮酒雌鼠肝组织酶的影响。方法：将50只健康昆明种雌性小鼠按体重随机分为白酒模型对照组、空白对照组、茯砖茶组、维生素C＋茯砖茶组、加锌茯砖茶组5个组,白酒模型实验组和空白组在实验期间饮用水;其他各组自由饮用溶于水的茯砖茶、加维生素C的茯砖茶和加乳酸锌的茯砖茶,连续饮用30 d,第30 d行空腹白酒灌胃,16 h后取小鼠肝脏组织制备匀浆,测定其超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase,SOD）、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（glutathione peroxidase,GSH－PX）的含量和谷丙转氨酶（ac－tivity and c transaminase,ALT）、谷草转氨酶（ aspertate aminotransferase,AST）含量。结果：模型组雌鼠的肝组织 SOD 含量低于茯砖茶组（t ＝12．15, P ＜0．01）,茯砖茶＋维生素C组、茯砖茶加锌组SOD含量高于白酒模型组（ P ＜0．01）,茯砖茶＋维生素 C组的SOD含量高于茯砖茶组（ t ＝5．37, P ＜0．05）;白酒模型组GSH－PX含量低于空白组（ t ＝10．47, P ＜0．01）,茯砖茶组的 GSH－PX含量高于白酒模型组（ t ＝7．61, P ＜0．01）;茯砖茶＋维生素C组、加锌茯砖茶组GSH－PX含量高于白酒模型组（ t ＝10．47, P ＜0．01）,添加维生素C和锌后的茯砖茶组的GSH－PX含量高于茯砖茶组（ t ＝11．08, P ＜0．01）;白酒模型组肝组织中 ALT 含量高于空白对照组（ t ＝2．79, P ＜0．01）,也高于茯砖茶＋维生素C组（ t ＝4．26, P ＜0．01）;茯砖茶组、茯砖茶＋维生素C组 AST含量高于模型组（ t ＝2．42, P ＜0．05;t ＝2．26, P ＜0．05）。结论：雌鼠一次大量饮酒会引起SOD和GSH－PX含量下降、ALT及AST含量升高;饮用茯砖茶对于一次大量饮酒后SOD和GSH－PX以及AST有一定保护作用,但对于ALT没有明显的作用;饮用添加了维生素 C的茯砖茶对于肝脏这四种酶的保护作用可能更好。     

鬼针草总黄酮对小鼠急性肝损伤的影响

将66只昆明小鼠随机分为11组：正常组、模型组及鬼针草全草、叶和枝总黄酮治疗组,每治疗组分为低、中和高剂量（40、80、160 mg/kg）亚组,鬼针草总黄酮（TFB）采用正交试验法提取.治疗组连续灌胃14 d后以四氯化碳（CCl4）建立小鼠急性肝损伤模型,IFCC速率法检测小鼠血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶（alanine transaminase, ALT）、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶（aspartate transaminase,AST）和乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）活性.观察不同生理部位TFB对小鼠急性肝损伤时肝功能的影响,探讨其肝损伤保护作用.结果表明：与模型组相比,叶和全草TFB（40 mg/kg）和枝TFB（80 mg/kg）能极显著降低ALT含量（P＜0.01）;仅有叶TFB（40 mg/kg）能极显著降低AST含量（P＜0.01）,而枝TFB（160 mg/kg）能极显著升高AST（P＜0.01）含量;叶和全草TFB在40 mg/kg时LDH活性极显著降低（P＜0.01）.提示鬼针草不同生理部位TFB在急性肝损伤中的作用不同,仅有叶TFB在低剂量（40 mg/kg）时表现出较好的肝保护作用,其余鬼针草各组提示可能肝毒性较大.     

Biochemical effects of various pesticides on sprayers of grape gardens

A total of 85 healthy male pesticide sprayers in grape garden exposed to different class of pesticides for 3 to 10 years were compared with 75 controls matched for age with respect to serum cholinesterase, serum total protein, albumin, AST, ALT, hematological parameters such as Hb, Hct, RBC and serum lipid peroxidation. Serum lipid peroxidation was estimated in the form of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) produced. Significant decrease was observed in serum cholinesterase, serum total proteins, albumin and hematological parameters viz. Hb, Hct and RBC. Significant increase in lipid peroxidation, AST, ALT, was observed in exposed group when compared with control. These results suggest that the long term exposure of various pesticides on sprayers of grape garden affect liver, heme biosynthesis and decrease serum cholinesterase.     

氟对人胎肝细胞脂质过氧化的影响

目的 研究氟对人胎肝细胞脂质过氧化的影响。方法 体外培养的人胎肝细胞接触不同浓度的氟化钠24小时后,检测人胎肝细胞脂质过氧化物(LPO)水平、还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量以及培养液中LPO、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、丙氨酸转氨酶(ALT)和天冬氨酸转氨酶(AST)的活性。结果 各氟染毒组培养液中LDH和AST活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);细胞内和培养液中LPO水平升高(P<0.01),细胞内GSH含量则明显下降(P<0.01)。结论 氟可使人胎肝细胞脂质过氧化水平升高和CSH含量下降,并且二者均呈现明显的剂量-效应关系。     

Correlation of serum arylesterase activity on phenylacetate estimated by the integrated method to common classical biochemical indexes of liver damage

The correlation of serum arylesterase (PON1) activity on phenylacetate determined by an integrated method to classical biochemical indexes of liver damage was investigated for the use of PON1 activity to evaluate liver damage. PON1 reaction curve as absorbance at 270 nm for 0.20 mmol/L phenylacetate hydrolysis was analyzed by the integrated method to determine maximal PON1 reaction rate. Classical biochemical indexes of liver damage were determined routinely. The 95% confidence threshold of PON1 activity in sera from healthy individuals was 2.12 mkat/L [(4.73±1.31) mkat/L, n=105]. PON1 activity in clinical sera was closely correlated to serum albumin, total protein and the ratio of albumin to globulins, but was weakly correlated to both direct and total bilirubin in serum. There were no correlations of PON1 activity to γ-glutamyltransferase, alkaline phosphatase, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase. Among 127 clinical sera with PON1 activity＞2.12 mkat/L, there were 92% healthy individuals examined by albumin, 90% healthy individuals examined by total protein, 88% healthy individuals examined by total bilirubin, 86% healthy individuals examined by direct bilirubin and 64% healthy individuals examined by the ratio of albumin to globulins, respectively. In each group of healthy individuals judged by classical biochemical indexes of close correlation to PON1 activity, percentage of healthy individuals examined by PON1 activity was always ＞80%. These results suggested PON1 activity on phenylacetate estimated by the integrated method was also suitable for the evaluation of liver damage.