试论政府对突发事件的危机管理

突发事件的突然性、复杂性特点和当前的客观现实决定了我们必须对突发事件实行危机管理.目前我国已经初步建立了一些危机管理体制,但从总体上看我国应对突发事件的危机管理体制还不完善,在运作过程中还存在许多问题.要做好突发事件的危机管理,我们必须做好危机发生前的组织管理、危机发生后的战时管理以及贯穿于危机全过程的信息管理和法律管理.     

The Dynamics of Quadropoly: League Position in English Football between 1888 and 2010

This paper explores competitive balance in top-tier English league football from its inception in 1888. It examines the extent to which finishing in the top four positions in successive seasons is the preserve of a small number of clubs. Using a range of statistical measures, the analysis shows that the current high levels of competitive imbalance are not new phenomena. The overall pattern approximates a ‘U curve’: current patterns parallel those in the 1890s. In the early years of English league football, differences in resources between clubs soon became apparent. Clubs from the larger conurbations generated consistently larger revenues than their counterparts in the smaller industrial towns. The introduction of the maximum wage in 1901 and the transfer system helped to stem these increasing inequalities between clubs. This coincided with a massive wave of new stadia construction which enabled all the clubs to compete on an increasingly level playing field. These conjunctural changes to English football before 1915 produced the era of relatively competitive football during the inter-war years. This continued until the abolition of the maximum wage in 1961. Since that time, competitive balance has reversed and become increasingly restricted. English top-tier football has re-entered an era of extreme competitive imbalance.