An effective measure of childhood adversity that is valid with older adults

Childhood adversity (CA) has life-long effects that we are just beginning to understand. The Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) data is a rich resource that could contribute to the knowledge of the impact of CA in the later years but, while a number of CA items are included in MIDUS, a cumulative CA scale based on those items has not been created. Development of a CA scale would create numerous research opportunities within MIDUS and overcome some of the challenges of using a secondary dataset. The present study aimed to demonstrate that a cumulative measure of CA that is valid with older adults could be created using retrospective MIDUS Refresher study data (Ryff et al., 2016); analysis included data collected from 2011 to 2014 from 2542 adults ages 23–76 (1017 adults 55–76). The present study provided a rationale for which measures of CA to include in a cumulative scale. The distribution of eight types of CA and the cumulative CA scale were consistent with findings from past studies of CA. The factor structure of the cumulative CA scale was similar to the original ACE study and included two factors: household dynamics and child abuse/neglect. Consistent with past studies, the CA scale predicted a negative association with life satisfaction and a positive association with number of chronic conditions. This study demonstrated that an effective cumulative measure of CA could be created that would be of value to other studies using MIDUS data to explore outcomes with older adults.     

男子上肢无氧功率测定方法之研究

研究采用自制的实验器材和传统的手摇自行车功量计测定男子上肢无氧功率，并对自制器材所测得无氧功率的试验结果进行可靠性、客观性和有效性检验，证明用该自制器材测定上肢无氧功率不仅制作简单、操作容易，而且具有实效性和可靠性的优点，从而表明该仪器在进一步完善后对无氧功率的测试具有一定的可行性。     

体育技术课教学中的测量与评价

体育技术的教学,是以身体素质为基础,运动能力和大脑思维为主导的复杂过程.应该遵循人体生长发育的规律,采取因势利导的原则,运用体育测量的科学性和体育评价的方法指导体育技术的教学.     

试析普通高校"体教结合"模式中运动队员的角色定位

从社会学的“角色”视域入手,分析指出,在教育管理情境中,面对“学生”与“专业运动员”的角色冲突时,高校、运动队以及运动员三方应共同建构,促使运动员能够正确地进行角色认知,实现合理的角色定位,真正体现“体教结合”的价值。     

Assessing School Readiness: Validity and Bias in Preschool and Kindergarten Teachers' Ratings

As a part of efforts to evaluate and monitor the increasing public investment in early childhood education, teachers are being asked to assess children's school readiness. In this study, preschool teachers and kindergarten teachers rated children's skills in three areas (kindergarten readiness, academic skills, and communication skills), and these ratings were compared with direct assessments of the children's skills. Ratings by both groups of teachers tended to be more highly related to basic skills, such as counting and number naming, than to abilities such as solving applied problems and using expressive and receptive vocabulary. Preschool teachers' ratings had a lower association with children's observed skills and abilities than kindergarten teachers' ratings. Ratings of children attending Head Start were systematically inflated, but this relationship was mediated to a significant extent by the teachers' levels of education. More educated teachers rated children in a manner consistent with the children's directly assessed skills. Implications of these findings for informing future efforts to assess school readiness by using teacher ratings are discussed.     

想象训练研究现状的分析

本文采用文献资料法对近十年刊载在中美四种主要期刊上的想象训练研究报告作了分析。结果表明想象训练正在从有效性研究向过程变量研究深化 ,研究面也由简单技术向复杂技术扩展 ,指出了目前复杂技术研究明显不足 ,还指出了基础理论在过程变量控制方面的研究严重滞后 ,在一定程度上影响了想象训练研究的进一步深化。本文为想象训练的研究和应用提供了有益的综合信息。     

我国大学生体质评价体系相关指标有效性和可靠性研究

采用文献资料法、体质测试法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法对当前我国19～22岁大学生体质评价体系指标进行有效性和可靠性研究。结果显示：我国大学生体质评价体系指标应增加“皮脂指标”和“台阶试验”；我国大学生体质评价体系指标中刺激强度较大的耐力性指标和容易受精神因素和激励因素影响的指标的可靠性较差。     

信度的正用与误用

讨论了信度检验的出发点以及信度和效度的关系.信度是效度的必要条件但非充分条件,效度则是信度的充分条件但非必要条件.介绍了判断重测信度、同质信度和评分者一致性信度的方法和数量标准.讨论了克隆巴赫α的问题和解决办法.特别指出,研究论文应当报告信度的种类和信度的系数,应当区别原始研究中的信度和当前研究中的信度,应当分清哪些内容需要、哪些内容不需要进行信度检验.     

体育心理实验效度研究

本文从体育心理实验效度的特征和内部结构出发，分析了影响体育心理实验效度的诸因素，同时提出了提高体育心理实验效度的方法，为体育心理实验进一步标准化和科学化奠定了基础。     

市场细分原理在图书馆文献资源建设中的应用

本文介绍了市场细分的基本概念、根本目的、类型、基本过程，主要阐述了在网络时代，图书馆如何借用市场细分理念，建设有自己品牌特色的馆藏体系。