公路自行车骑行服的研发

从研究使用对象的需求入手，对公路自行车骑行服的研发案例的全过程进行分析，对功能性服装设计的研究方法进行简略的介绍。设计过程由六部分组成，其体系化的设计手法也为仅仅着眼于服装外观造型的设计方法开阔了视野、拓展了设计的角度。     

The use and abuse of metatags

The web creates manyopportunities for encroachment on intellectualproperty including trademarks. Our principaltask in this paper is an investigation into anunusual form of such encroachment: theimproper use of metatags. A metatag is a pieceof HTML code that provides summary informationabout a web page. If used in an appropriatemanner, these metatags can play a legitimaterole in helping consumers locate information. But the ``keyword'' metatag is particularlysusceptible to manipulation. These tags can beeasily abused by web site creators anxious tobait search engines and bring scores ofvisitors to their sites. The law aboutmetatags is far from settled and many legalscholars are uncomfortable with the conclusionthat the unauthorized use of a trademark in ametatag represents infringement. How should weassess this practice known as ``spamdexing'' froma normative perspective? Is it commercial fairplay or something more sinister? We make thecase here that there are salient moral problemswith spamdexing since it exploits thereputational goodwill of trademark owners andconfuses consumers. It violates basic moralduties and it flouts the golden rule principle. Hence unauthorized use of a competitor'strademark in a metatag is not morallyacceptable.     

不同权力结构下考虑搭便车行为的闭环供应链决策研究

本文针对单个制造商和零售商组成的闭环供应链系统,基于博弈论的基本方法,分别构建了集中式、制造商领导的Stackelberg博弈、零售商领导的Stackelberg博弈、制造商和零售商存在Nash均衡博弈等模式下的闭环供应链决策模型,进而对比分析消费者搭便车行为对不同权力结构闭环供应链的决策及利润等影响问题。研究表明,集中式决策闭环供应链的总利润和分散式决策中各权力主体的利润受到搭便车系数的影响;各权力结构下网络直销渠道的销售价格和市场需求均随搭便车系数的增加而增加等。     

Skeleton Changes Induced by Horse Riding on Medieval Skeletal Remains from Croatia

Skeletal remains of 35 individuals from the Croatian excavation site Kamen Most – Kaldrma from the fourteenth to fifteenth centuries were analyzed anthropologically. Due to specific skeletal characteristics, eight of them were analyzed in great detail in this study. The results of additional analysis indicated that all bone elements, except pelves, of all eight persons belonged to males. All pelvic girdle have characteristics of female sex and pronounced muscle attachments that are both indicative of horse riding. All eight persons had at least two of six changes on femora indicative of horse riding. Vertebrae of seven persons (one person did not have preserved vertebrae) have Schmorl's nodes. Signs of advanced osteoarthritis were found on all joints in all eight persons. All of them also have visible signs of periostitis especially on lower extremities. Pathological signs of trauma were found in five persons. Two of them had skull fractures and the rest had fractures of extremities which are also characteristic for horse riders. The average age of all eight persons was above 45 years at death. DNA analysis confirmed male sex for seven individuals. The results were additionally confirmed by later archeological findings of tombstones with illustrations of horse riders.     

Cardiopulmonary loading in motocross riding

Abstract

The present study was designed to examine physiological responses during motocross riding. Nine Finnish A-level motocross riders performed a 15-min ride at a motocross track and a test of maximal oxygen uptake ([Vdot]O_2max) in the laboratory. Cardiopulmonary strain was measured continuously during the ride as well as in the [Vdot]O_2max test. During the ride, mean [Vdot]O₂ was 32 ml · kg^?1 · min^?1 (s = 4), which was 71% (s = 12) of maximum, while ventilation (V _E) was 73% (s = 15) of its maximum. The relative [Vdot]O₂ and V _E values during the riding correlated with successful riding performance (r = 0.80, P < 0.01 and r = 0.79, P < 0.01, respectively). Mean heart rate was maintained at 95% (s = 7) of its maximum. Mean blood lactate concentration was 5.0 mmol · l^?1 (s = 2.0) after the ride. A reduction of 16% (P < 0.001) in maximal isometric handgrip force was observed. In conclusion, motocross causes riders great physical stress. Both aerobic and anaerobic metabolism is required for the isometric and dynamic muscle actions experienced during a ride.     

Disability,Riding, and Identity: A Qualitative Study on the Influence of Riding on the Identity Construction of People with Disabilities

Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were used to examine the influence of riding on the identity construction of people with disabilities. The 15 participants, three men and 12 women, were between 15 and 65 years old and have various physical disabilities. The data analysis derives from identity theory, a social–psychological theory that understands identity as an interaction between the individual and society. The findings show that: the informants either acquire a new identity as a rider or they resume with the rider identity they had before their illness or accident; riding offers a link to their previous lives; and riding helps to focus on what the informants can do, and not, as this group is often viewed by society, on what they cannot do. The findings thus show that riding can influence the identity construction of people with disabilities.     

不同消除疲劳方法对男子短距离场地自行车运动员专项成绩的影响

目的:比较按摩、恢复骑行和休息三种消除疲劳方法对男子场地短距离自行车运动员专项力量耐力训练成绩的影响。方法:研究采用交叉实验设计法,在连续三周的场地专项训练课组间20 min间歇时间内将10名男子运动员随机分为三组分别进行按摩放松、恢复骑行和完全休息的消除疲劳干预。场地专项力量耐力训练内容为行进间(以20 km/h初速度出发)500 m×4组(传动比50×13)。按摩放松为双侧下肢骨骼肌快速、兴奋按摩,主动恢复骑行为使用公路自行车进行小负荷高频率放松骑行,完全休息则为每组训练结束后安静休息,不采用任何干预措施。分别记录运动员四组行进500 m总成绩及三个166 m分段成绩。结果:1)运动员在完成第三组500 m骑行时,与第二组相比仅按摩组的成绩明显提高(P<0.01);按摩组完成第二三组500 m的后两个166 m分段成绩较另两组要好。2)恢复骑行组完成第四组500 m的总成绩仅下降了0.88%;且完成第四组三个166 m分段成绩仍能维持较好的水平。结论:按摩放松对于保证运动员完成场地专项力量耐力训练强度具有一定作用,而积极的恢复骑行在预防疲劳积累方面作用更明显。     

是御龙升天还是河伯出游——再论楚帛画《人物御龙图》

长沙楚墓出土的楚帛画《人物御龙图》历来被解释为是人物乘龙升天成仙,表现了灵魂不死的主题。研究表明,这幅帛画完全不是这样的主题,而是表现了河伯出游的神话故事;画中的乘龙者不是一般人物,而是自先秦以来就被广泛信仰的水神河伯。     

透视屈赋里的楚国文化

古代楚国的文化博大精深，内涵丰富。从屈原的诗词里来窥视、分析古代楚国的历史、经济和文化方面的习俗，有利于了解楚文化、弘扬楚文化的丰富精神内涵。     

新疆哈萨克族马上体育运动初探

哈萨克族是新疆的世居少数民族,哈萨克族人民在长期的游牧、迁徙过程中形成了独具特色的哈萨克族游牧文化。本文通过对哈萨克族马上体育运动概况的介绍,探讨和总结哈萨克族马上体育运动的现状和特点,深入研究了哈萨克族马上体育运动的社会和文化功能,为少数民族体育文化研究提供了一定参考价值。