湖南省大学生有氧耐力评价标准研究

对湖南省文、理、工、医、农 5类专业 6 0 0名二年级与四年级男、女大学生进行 12min跑测验 ,并用RPE值对运动负荷进行监控。结果显示 ,用 12min跑间接测定大学生的最大耗氧量是可行的 ,据此制定了湖南省大学生有氧耐力评价标准。     

Accurate assessment of the brake torque on a rope-braked cycle ergometer

Sports Engineering - A Monark cycle ergometer is a device globally used in physiological studies to measure the work and energy levels of exercising humans. In this paper a rope-braked cycle...     

探寻与运动能力有关的基因研究进展

对目前运动能力基因定位研究进展进行了综述.结果发现,与有氧能力有关的基因主要包括ACE、CKMM、ADRA2A及mtDNA的D-loop和MTND5,此外,家系研究提示1p、2p、4q、6p、8q、11p、14q染色体区域可能有与运动能力有关的基因;与肌肉力量有关的基因主要涉及GDF8、 CNTF.但这些基因的作用机制尚不清楚.同时,就今后研究趋势作了展望.     

BIODEX在大腿、膝关节伤后功能诊断及康复中的应用

42名有大腿前、后群肌肉拉伤或膝关节急、慢性损伤史的运动员为受试者。用BIODEX 多关节等速测力及康复系统测定膝关节屈、伸肌群肌力,取60(°)/s 向心、离心及240(°)/s 向心收缩的最大力矩(PT)等指标,用“评价表格”进行分析评定,并对力矩曲线加以分析。初步认为,力矩曲线异常具有功能诊断参考价值,并可用于选拔运动员时及时发现伤情。参照BIODEX 测试结果,有针对性的进行康复锻炼,可收到良好效果。     

停止课外训练对小学女生最大心率的影响

以探讨小学生最大心率水平和停止课外训练对小学生最大心率的影响为目的。采取的方法是在跑台上运用Bruce法对停训8周前后的8名小学女生最大心率进行比较,并运用文献资料法,对比国内外学者在停训前后最大心率的研究。结果表明,小学女生停训前后的最大心率、运动能力均无显著差异;用传统的220-年龄推算最大心率可能不准确。     

不同位置女子足球运动员的最大摄氧量

本研究测量33名17-26岁优秀女子足球员的最大摄氧量（VO2max）,中场球员（n=11）的VO2max（45.4±0.6mL/kg-1·min-1）有较高的趋势,与后卫（43.3±1.4mL·kg-1·min-1,n=7）和前锋（42.6±1.7mL·kg-1·min-1,n=8）之间无显著差异（P > 0.05）,但显著（P<0.05）优于守门员（39.1±0.8mL·kg-1·min-1,n-7）,中场球员扮演连接前锋与后卫的角色,比赛中跑的距离或时间常比其它位置的球员多,这与较高的心肺耐力有关。本研究资料显示,球场上的角色位置,似乎可反映出女足球员不同的有氧能力与比赛的生理需求。     

9——18岁学生最大吸氧量的纵向研究

本文采用复盖式纵向研究法,对9—18岁男女学生的最大吸氧量进行连续4年的直接测定,分析研究了其自然发展规律及年龄、性别特征。     

The cumulative and residual fatigue response associated with soccer-specific activity performed on different playing surfaces

ABSTRACT

This study aimed to assess the effect of playing surface (Natural [NT] and Artificial [AT] Turf) on the fatigue response to a soccer-specific exercise protocol (SSEP). Eighteen male soccer players completed the SSEP on NT and AT with pre-, post-, and 48 h post-assessments of eccentric knee flexor (eccKF) and concentric knee extensor peak torque (PT), peak countermovement (CMJ) and squat jump (SJ) height, and Nordic hamstring break angle. No significant main effects for surface or any surface and time interactions were observed for any of the outcome measures, except for eccKF PT recorded at 3.14 rad·s^-1, which was significantly lower 48 h post-trial in the AT condition (AT = 146.3 ± 20.4 Nm; NT = 158.8 ± 24.7 Nm). Main effects for time were observed between pre- and post-trial measures for eccKF PT at all angular velocities, Nordic break angle, CMJ and SJ height. Nordic break angle, and both CMJ and SJ height were significantly impaired 48 h post-trial when compared to pre-trial. The findings of the current study suggest surface dependent changes in eccKF PT which may have implications for recovery and subsequent performance after competition on AT.     

Effects of coffee and caffeine anhydrous on strength and sprint performance

Caffeine and coffee are widely used among active individuals to enhance performance. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of acute coffee (COF) and caffeine anhydrous (CAF) intake on strength and sprint performance. Fifty-four resistance-trained males completed strength testing, consisting of one-rep max (1RM) and repetitions to fatigue (RTF) at 80% of 1RM for leg press (LP) and bench press (BP). Participants then completed five, 10-second cycle ergometer sprints separated by one minute of rest. Peak power (PP) and total work (TW) were recorded for each sprint. At least 48 hours later, participants returned and ingested a beverage containing CAF (300?mg flat dose; yielding 3–5?mg/kg bodyweight), COF (8.9?g; 303?mg caffeine), or placebo (PLA; 3.8?g non-caloric flavouring) 30 minutes before testing. LP 1RM was improved more by COF than CAF (p?=?.04), but not PLA (p?=?.99). Significant interactions were not observed for BP 1RM, BP RTF, or LP RTF (p?>?.05). There were no sprint?×?treatment interactions for PP or TW (p?>?.05). 95% confidence intervals revealed a significant improvement in sprint 1 TW for CAF, but not COF or PLA. For PLA, significant reductions were observed in sprint 4 PP, sprint 2 TW, sprint 4 TW, and average TW; significant reductions were not observed with CAF or COF. Neither COF nor CAF improved strength outcomes more than PLA, while both groups attenuated sprint power reductions to a similar degree. Coffee and caffeine anhydrous may be considered suitable pre-exercise caffeine sources for high-intensity exercise.     

道德建设:经济主体的内在要求

在现代市场经济中,个人利益与他人利益、私人利益与公共利益、公民自由与国家法规之间．既存在着对立与冲突,也存在着一致与协调。这种一致与协调是经济主体自由地追求和实现自身利益最大化的前提和基础。经济主体要自由地追求自身利益最大化,必须维护和促进这种协调;必须通过利人而利己、利公而利私、守法而自由;．必须遵守道德准则。