运动中的酸碱平衡与碱盐摄入

采用文献资料法对人体酸碱平衡机制进行分析研究,并对碱盐摄入与对运动员成绩的影响进行了探讨,结果认为适当碱盐摄入对提高运动成绩有帮助.     

大学生饮食行为与营养教育

采用简单随机抽样和分层抽样相结合的方法对师范类和综合性院校大一至大三男女大学生进行抽样调查。结果发现:我国大学生营养健康知识和饮食行为总体表现尚可,近半数学生具有荤素营养搭配的饮食观念及习惯,饮食较有规律,对营养素的态度及行为较正确。但存在着一些不健康的饮食行为,如主食摄入量过少、不重视早餐、挑食、膳食不平衡等,这与营养知识缺乏和健康知识的认知水平有关。建议在高校体育课程中增加营养教育内容,鼓励大学生多渠道获取营养知识和提高健康认知能力,改变不良生活行为,促进大学生的身心健康全面发展。     

陆海统筹视域下的中国食物与营养安全

食物与营养安全研究是长期粮食安全研究的延伸,也是人民追求健康和美好生活的现实需求,而树立大食物观,统筹陆海食物系统可以更加全面地反映出食物与营养安全状况。本文基于食物营养成分视角,利用食物营养转化模型核算2003—2018年中国食物营养的生产和需求量,运用食物营养富缺指数刻画出中国食物与营养安全的整体态势。结果表明：①中国食物营养成分产量均在增长,但增长速度和食物贡献率有所差异;谷物类是热量、蛋白质和氨基酸的第一大食物来源和增长贡献者,而脂肪和脂肪酸主要来源于肉类;海域食物营养成分产量较小,但在单位营养含量、食物多样性以及未来发展潜力上都存在一定的优势。②考虑人口结构变化,中国食物热量、蛋白质和脂肪的需求总量逐年上升,涨幅分别达到6.9%、7.6%和7.0%,人口增长是中国食物营养需求增长的第一大驱动力;而中国食物营养的人日均需求量呈现下降趋势,从侧面反映出中国人口老龄化问题。③中国蛋白质供应一直处于绝对安全水平,热量长期处于相对安全及以上水平,脂肪长期处于相对安全和供应不足的水平。④中国食物损失和浪费量惊人,这也使中国热量和脂肪滞后4~9年进入相对安全和绝对安全水平。     

运动免疫增强补剂的研究现状与展望

从运动、营养与免疫相互关系角度出发,对近几年各种增强运动免疫的运动营养补剂的研究情况进行归纳和总结,在此基础上,预测今后运动免疫营养补剂的发展前景.     

中长跑运动员的能量代谢特点及营养补充

对中长跑运动项目的能量代谢特点进行分析,旨在为中长跑运动员的科学训练和成绩提高提供参考。     

武术、体操女运动员最大有氧工作能力的预测

为准确预测运动员的最大吸氧量,本文对武术、体操女运动员定量工作时的心率、氧脉搏、肺通气量等生理指标,通过计算机分析处理,选择其中较显著的因素建立了三个最优逐步回归方程。通过验证,其预测结果能准确反映运动员的身体工作能力。     

低氧训练过程中大鼠体重及能量代谢的变化

目的：研究低氧训练过程中大鼠体重、体成分、能量摄入及静息代谢率的变化，初步探讨低氧训练过程中大鼠体重变化与能量代谢变化间关系。方法：经过适应性训练筛选出的50只SD大鼠平均分为5组，保证每组大鼠体重基本一致，随机分为常氧安静组、常氧限食组、常氧训练组、低氧安静组、低氧训练组。训练组大鼠采用水平动物跑台进行耐力训练6周。试验期间每周称量大鼠体重，每3天称量一次大鼠食物摄入量。试验前、试验1周、3周、5周末测定大鼠静息代谢率，试验后处死大鼠并剥离其肾周、腹股沟脂肪及腓肠肌，称量其重量。结果：低氧训练组大鼠体重增幅除在第6周末与常氧训练组无显著性差异外，均显著性低于其他试验组，试验前3周其体重出现负增长。试验后低氧训练组大鼠肾周及腹股沟脂肪总含量显著低于其他试验组，而腓肠肌重量与其他组无显著性差异。低氧训练组大鼠试验期间总食物摄入量较其他各组大鼠低，尤其在前3周。低氧训练组大鼠静息代谢率先上升而后逐渐下降，至试验3周末时仍高于试验前值，试验5周末时降至低于试验前值（差异不显著），而除低氧安静组外的其他组大鼠静息代谢率则持续下降，至试验5周末时均显著性低于试验前水平。结论：从减缓体重增加幅度及对体成分的影响角度看，低氧训练减体重的效果优于限制饮食、耐力训练及低氧暴露。低氧训练过程中食物摄入量减少及静息代谢率增加可能是大鼠体重增长减缓的原因。     

Childhood maltreatment and high dietary fat intake behaviors in adulthood: A birth cohort study

Childhood maltreatment has been associated with a wide range of chronic medical conditions including obesity, other metabolic events and eating disorders. However, little is known about the association between childhood maltreatment and high dietary fat intake. This study addresses the extent to which co-occurring and specific forms of substantiated childhood maltreatment are associated with self-reported high dietary fat intake in adulthood and whether there is a gender–childhood maltreatment interaction in predicting this association. The study also examines the association between age at substantiation of maltreatment, number of childhood maltreatment substantiations and high dietary fat intake-related behaviors. The data were from a prospective Australian pre-birth mother-child dyads study, the Mater-University of Queensland Study of Pregnancy. The study followed 7223 mother-child dyads following the birth of a live, singleton baby at the Mater hospital. Recruitment was early in pregnancy, and then follow-ups at 3–5 days postpartum and again when the child was 6 months, 5, 14 and 21 years of age. The data were linked to agency-substantiated cases of childhood maltreatment 0–14 years. This study extended the data linkage to 3766 (47.4% female) participants who had complete data on dietary fat intake behaviors at the 21-year follow-up. Consecutive logistic regressions were used to estimate odds ratios with respective 95% confidence intervals for high dietary fat intake for multiple and specific forms of childhood maltreatment, as well as age at and number of childhood maltreatment substantiations. Finally, a gender–childhood maltreatment interaction term was used to predict the outcome. In both unadjusted and adjusted analyses, substantiated childhood maltreatment including physical abuse were associated with high dietary fat intake-related behaviors. Similarly, substantiation of childhood maltreatment between the ages of 5 and 14 years was significantly associated with high dietary fat intake-related behaviors as were two or more substantiations of maltreatment. Inclusion of gender–childhood maltreatment interaction only had a minor impact on the size and direction of the association. Chronic and severe forms of childhood maltreatment including physical abuse are associated with a higher rate of dietary fat intake in young adulthood. Further research to replicate this association might focus on possible neuro-hormonal mechanisms that might explain this behavior.     

含DMPP硫硝铵不同基追肥比例对小青菜硝酸盐累积及品质的影响

采用土培试验对含硝化抑制剂DMPP(3，4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐)硫硝铵(ASN)氮肥(简称ASN DMPP)不同基追肥比例对小青菜硝酸盐累积及营养品质的影响进行了探讨．结果表明，等氮量(每千克土用0．5g氮)施用条件下基肥75％、追肥25％的基追肥比例不仅可提高蔬菜产量、降低硝酸盐含量，还可提高Vc、氨基酸、Zn、N、K含量，改善了蔬菜品质。     

发酵产氢的影响因素Ⅱ.反应器类型、营养条件和环境条件

发酵产氢技术在国内外受到了普遍关注,然该过程是一个极其复杂的生物过程,受诸多因素的干扰.如何优化产氢过程,确保稳定、持续和高效的产氢能力已成为发酵产氢研究的重点课题.本文在查阅了国内外大量文献的基础上,总结了主要影响因子(包括接种物、基质、反应器类型、营养条件和环境条件)对发酵产氢的影响,对发酵产氢朱朱的研发工作提出了...