中枢性运动疲劳相关神经递质5-HT的研究进展

在初步阐明了5-HT导致中枢疲劳的机制之后,目前的中枢性运动疲劳的研究趋势主要是明确5-HT及5-HT受体在不同脑区的作用,5-HT受体拮抗剂与促进剂的作用.在此基础上更开展了很多通过营养或运动干预手段延缓与消除中枢疲劳的研究.随着神经生理学研究方法的改进,目前已经可以使用脑内微透析技术等方法进行活体动物神经递质的采样,达到动态检测运动中脑内神经递质变化的目的.国内使用新技术新方法研究中枢性运动疲劳还有待于进一步发展.     

人格生物学基础研究的某些进展

本文综述了20世纪90年代以来关于人格的遗传力估计、多巴胺基因和5-羟色胺基因对人格特质的影响和人格的神经科学基础等方面的研究进展。认为人格特质的表现受多种基因控制,是通过生物学系统的活动实现的,并且是生物学过程和环境影响交互作用的结果。     

补充不同剂量支链氨基酸对运动大鼠下丘脑5-羟色胺及其前体的影响

观察补充支链氨基酸(BCAA)后大鼠力竭游泳运动恢复期下丘脑细胞外液BCAA、游离色氨酸(f-Trp)和5-羟色胺(5-HT)的变化,分析补充BCAA是否能够提高大鼠的运动能力,比较补充BCAA的效果,探索补充BCAA的最佳剂量。方法:将32只大鼠随机分为对照组、小剂量补充组[1.25g/(kg·BW-1)]、中剂量补充组[2.5g/kg·BW-1)]和大剂量补充组[5g/(kg·BW-1)],每组8只。BCAA补充方案为:每天上午补充一次,每周6次(周日暂停),持续6周。6周后,在大鼠进行力竭游泳运动前一天下午取大鼠尾血测试血氨。采用毛细管电泳-激光诱导荧光法检测大鼠下丘脑细胞外液BCAA、f-Trp和5-HT的浓度。结论:血氨随着BCAA补充剂量的增加而升高,小剂量补充BCAA对机体血氨的生成无影响;补充BCAA能提高大鼠力竭游泳运动能力,但并不随BCAA补充剂量的增加而提高;补充BCAA可能提高了血浆BCAA与f-Trp竞争通过血脑屏障的能力且具有推迟和减少脑5-HT生成的作用;小剂量[1.25g/(kg·BW-1)]补充BCAA对提高大鼠运动能力效果最佳。     

5一羟色胺与中枢疲劳

肌肉运动性疲劳的机制包括存在于大脑的中枢机制和肌肉本身的外周机制两个方面。关于疲劳的外周机制已进行了大量的研究，而中枢机制的研究者较少。越来越多的资料表明，大脑中５－羟色胺的增加可能导致中枢疲劳，从而引起运动能力的降低。营养学手段在延迟中枢疲劳中的作用有充分的理论依据，但也存在一些实际问题，区分营养作用对疲劳的中枢机制和外周机制的有益作用有一定困难。但营养、脑神经生化和运动能力的关系很可能是存在的，这方面的工作有待进一步探讨。     

Influence of learning techniques on information processing

The present study establishes the fact that effective information processing is dependent on the learning techniques one adopts. A sample of 100 students in the age group from 13 to 17 including boys and girls were chosen. They were divided into two groups of control and experimental. To the experimental group, certain specific learning techniques were taught for a period of six months. The same group was tested taking blood samples to study the neuro transmitter serotonin levelshenme before and after adopting learning techniques. Results of the study proved that there is significant relationship between learning techniques and the information processing ability of an individual.     

脑内5-HT能和DA能系统在运动疲劳调控作用中的研究进展

脑内神经递质5-羟色胺和多巴胺被认为与运动疲劳有关,EF是运动中一种机体机能工作效率下降的感觉,会影响运动能力。在营养补充或药物干预的动物实验研究中,发现脑内5-HT浓度增加会使啮齿动物的运动耐力降低,而DA作用则相反;但在人体实验研究中,却发现5-HT、DA和EF的关系并不统一。目前在人体中能清楚观测并重复的情况是在高温环境下（约30℃）受试者运动前1h服用DA再摄取抑制剂骑行功率自行车恒定输出时间延迟。由于5-HT能系统和DA能系统存在相互作用,相比5-HT或DA对EF的影响,两者含量的比率似乎和EF更加相关。本综述目的是介绍脑内5-HT能和DA能系统对EF的调控作用,旨在为缓解EF方法研究提供理论参考。     

The effect of potential fall distance on hormonal response in rock climbing

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of alterations in potential lead fall distance on the hormonal responses of rock climbers. Nine advanced female climbers completed two routes while clipping all (PRO-all) or half (PRO-½) of the fixed points of protection. Venous blood samples were analysed for total catecholamines, noradrenaline (norepinephrine), adrenaline (epinephrine), dopamine, lactate, cortisol and serotonin. Differences between the two conditions pre, immediately post and 15 min post climbing were assessed using a 2 × 3 repeated measures ANOVA. All hormones and blood lactate concentrations increased significantly (P < 0.05) immediately post climb, except for cortisol. Peak cortisol concentrations did not occur until 15 min post ascent. Further, significant interactions between climbing and clipping conditions were found for total catecholamines (890% of basal concentration in PRO-½ vs. 568% in PRO-all), noradrenaline (794% vs. 532%) and dopamine (500% vs. 210%). There were no significant interactions for adrenaline (1920% vs. 1045%), serotonin (150% vs. 127%) or lactate (329% vs. 279%). The study showed a greater catecholamine response with an increase in potential lead fall distance. The most pronounced increases seen in catecholamine concentration were reported for dopamine and noradrenaline.     

运动疲劳与神经递质的生理学研究进展(综述)

从肌肉的外周机制和大脑中的中枢机制两个方面对运动性疲劳进行阐述，总结了神经递质与中枢疲劳的关系。资料表明，5-羟色胺(5-HT)、r-氨基丁酸(GABA)、甘氨酸(GLY)等是脑组织抑制性神经递质；而谷氨酸(GLU)和天冬氨酸(AsP)等是兴奋性神经递质。此外，多巴胺(DA)、乙酰胆碱(ACH)、血氨(NH3)等均是运动性中枢疲劳较为敏感的神经递质。     

对胃炎患者粘膜内分泌细胞的观察

本文取30例胃炎患者的粘膜活检组织,用 PAP 免疫组织化学法,对5—HT、CGA、G 三种内分泌细胞,进行染色处理,对反应阳性细胞的分布及形态进行观察、计数、并作统计学处理,结果表明,上述三种内分泌细胞在胃窦分布较其它部为多,萎缩性胃炎三种内分泌细胞均较浅表性胃炎者减少,在胃体部5—HT 和 G 细胞的减少最为显著,说明长期炎性刺激对胃粘膜内分泌细胞的生物学行为有明显影响;文中对病理情况下三种内分泌细胞的功能意义进行了讨论。     

The European College of Sports Sciences Position statement: The role of stretching exercises in sports

Abstract

Possible peripheral mechanisms of fatigue have been widely documented, including the depletion of muscle glycogen and the loss of body fluids. The notion that the brain may be intimately involved in the fatigue process is not a new one, but recently possible neurobiological mechanisms involved in this response have been investigated. Changes in central neurotransmission occur during exercise that may result in feelings of tiredness, lethargy, and a loss of motivation to continue exercise, contributing to the development of fatigue. There is evidence that manipulation of the neurotransmitters serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline, through the administration of pharmacological agents, may delay the onset of fatigue during prolonged exercise, particularly when performing in a warm environment. Supplementation with branched-chain amino acids and tyrosine can influence perceived exertion and some measures of mental performance, but the results of several apparently well-controlled laboratory studies have not demonstrated a positive effect on exercise capacity under temperate conditions. The ergogenic effects of carbohydrate and caffeine are well documented, but often little attention is paid to the central effects of these nutrients. Carbohydrate ingestion has been demonstrated to alter brain activity and cerebral metabolism, factors that may be important in the development of fatigue and the maintenance of skill performance. There is strong evidence for a positive effect of caffeine on exercise performance, with recent data highlighting the role of central adenosine as a mediator of this response.