健身瑜伽对中老年女性慢性腰痛的防治研究

为研究健身瑜伽对中老年女性慢性腰痛的防治效应,将70名中老年慢性腰痛病人分成A、B两组,C组由正常组35名无腰痛病史的中老年女性组成.对A、C进行9个月健身瑜伽训练.运用Neuromatic 2000 M/C神经肌电仪测试各组训练前后骶棘肌肌电指标,PPX-L型双能X线骨度仪测量各组训练前后骨密度值,分别进行组间比较.结果:慢性腰痛组(A、B)训练前腰背肌波幅低于正常组(P<0.01)时程大于正常组(P<0.01),训练之后腰痛组(A)和正常组(C)波幅都得到提高(P<0.01和P<0.05)时程都降低(P<0.01和P<0.05).疗效评定得出慢性腰痛治愈显效率达82.86%.结论:健身瑜伽对中老年女性慢性腰痛具有较好的防治作用.     

低应变法检测桥梁嵌岩桩的评价

用低应变法检测嵌岩桩 ,若桩底出现明显同相反射 ,多数因桩底缺陷引起。而区分是桩还是持力层的缺陷 ,主要看反射的起跳时间在 2 L/ C之前还是之后。当桩的变径及入岩反射对测试影响很大时 ,应进一步用钻芯法检验。     

一些训练手段和技术对国家游泳队运动员肩痛影响的调查与分析

采用问卷调查法和访问调查法调查访问了81名国家游泳队运动员和15名国家游泳队教练。结果发现：国家游泳队运动员肩痛患病率为39．5%,男女之间无显著性差异。肩痛患病率最高的是蝶泳运动员(63．6%),其次是自由泳和仰泳运动员,蛙泳运动员肩痛患病率最低(31．3%)：水上训练手段中,短距离高强度戴划手掌训练、长距离中低强度戴划手掌训练和水上铁片牵引训练对肩痛的影响程度列前3位(明显影响率分别为46．7%、25%和18．2%)；陆上训练手段中,铁片拉力训练、卧推练习和等动拉力训练对肩痛的影响程度列前3位(明显影响率分别为43：8%、36．7%和19．4%)。陆上铁片拉力训练时采用高肘技术、抓水时早发力早加速后划技术和陆上铁片拉力训练时后划到底技术是前3位对国家游泳队运动员肩痛有影响的技术动作(明显影响率分别为60%、40%和33．3%)。     

男子青少年体操运动员肘、腕关节劳损性伤痛的防治

男子青少年体操运动员肘关节、腕关节劳损性伤痛是训练中的一种常见多发性运动损伤，严重阻碍了训练计划的执行和运动技术的提高。本文分析和研究了伤痛形成的各种原因，并提出了预防、治疗的基本方法。     

肌肉拉伤的临床和基础理论研究

肌肉拉伤是运动损伤中的常见病。在临床上认为,大多数肌肉拉伤是由于肌肉性质改变造成的局部损伤,可以诊断出损伤的位置,多发生于靠近肌肉—肌腱连接处的肌纤维。生物力学研究表明:当肌肉受到的拉伸力大于其最大等长收缩力时将会引起损伤。比较肌肉在被动拉伸和有神经刺激收缩的主动拉伸时发现,在损伤时拉伸力有小量增加,应变没有变化,但吸收能量的能力却有很大的变化。实验还证实了肌肉的粘弹性。这些研究成果说明:肌肉吸收能量的能力和粘弹性的改变对于预防肌肉损伤是非常重要的。     

骑马蹲裆式与髌骨劳损的预防

为探索传统武术训练中的骑马蹲裆式对髌骨劳损的预防作用，作者用积累了十年的运动损伤资料和文献，从解剖学，生物力学，运动医学的解度，论述了膝关节半蹲位诸姿势中以骑马蹲裆式其髌韧带的力臂最长，髌股关节面接触面大，髌股关节面的压应力大并有利于发展股内侧肌的力量，可以限制髌骨外移，从而预防髌骨劳损的有效方法。     

Influence of moderate intensity physical activity levels and gender on conditioned pain modulation

This study examined the potential influence of moderate intensity physical activity (PA) levels and gender on central pain modulation using conditioned pain modulation (CPM) in healthy men and women. Twenty four individuals (12 men and 12 women) who reported engaging in the moderate intensity PA for 150 min or more per week and 24 individuals (12 men and 12 women) who reported engaging in moderate intensity PA for 60 min or less per week completed a self-report PA questionnaire and a 7-day PA assessment using an accelerometer. Furthermore, the participants completed the CPM testing to evaluate the efficiency of central pain modulation. The active individuals scored higher on the PA questionnaire and spent more minutes for light, lifestyle, moderate and vigorous intensity PA than the less active individuals. The active men and women exhibited comparable magnitudes of CPM, and showed a greater magnitude of CPM when compared to their less active counterparts. However, these beneficial effects of higher dose moderate intensity PA disappeared when time spent for vigorous intensity PA was statistically controlled for. These results suggest that the higher dose moderate intensity PA does not add to the benefits from vigorous intensity PA to further improve central pain modulatory systems.     

钢结构材料在高温(火灾)条件下的力学性能试验研究

从基本的钢结构材料在高温下的力学性能着手 ,进行高温条件下钢结构材料的性能试验 ,建立高温下钢材的屈服强度、极限强度、弹性模量和极限应变随温度变化的力学模型 ,为高温 (火灾 )条件下钢结构的结构分析提供依据。     

香菇菌株9907的选育及生物学特性

从怀化市及沅陵、中方、麻阳等县采集野生香菇子实体,通过分离、初筛、复筛和栽培试验,选育出一株较好的菌株香菇9907.香菇菌株9907属于低温结实型,菌丝体生长速度快,花菇率及生物学效率均较高,适合代料栽培.     

Pain, suffering, and trauma in labor and prevention of subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder

In this column, Kimmelin Hull, community manager of Science & Sensibility, Lamaze International's research blog, reprints and discusses a recent blog post series by acclaimed writer, lecturer, doula, and normal birth advocate Penny Simkin. Examined here is the fruitful dialog that ensued-including testimonies from blog readers about their own experiences with traumatic birth and subsequent posttraumatic stress disorder. Hull further highlights the impact traumatic birth has not only on the birthing woman but also on the labor team-including doulas and childbirth educators-and the implied need for debriefing processes for birth workers. Succinct tools for assessing a laboring woman's experience of pain versus suffering are offered by Simkin, along with Hull's added suggestions for application during the labor and birth process.