Home advantage in Greek football

Abstract

Home advantage as it relates to team performance at football was examined in Superleague Greece using nine seasons of game-by-game performance data, a total of 2160 matches. After adjusting for team ability and annual fluctuations in home advantage, there were significant differences between teams. Previous findings regarding the role of territorial protection were strengthened by the fact that home advantage was above average for the team from Xanthi (P =0.015), while lower for teams from the capital city Athens (P =0.008). There were differences between home and away teams in the incidence of most of the 13 within-game match variables, but associated effect sizes were only moderate. In contrast, outcome ratios derived from these variables, and measuring shot success, had negligible effect sizes. This supported a previous finding that home and away teams differed in the incidence of on-the-ball behaviours, but not in their outcomes. By far the most important predictor of home advantage, as measured by goal difference, was the difference between home and away teams in terms of kicked shots from inside the penalty area. Other types of shots had little effect on the final score. The absence of a running track between spectators and the playing field was also a significant predictor of goal difference, worth an average of 0.102 goals per game to the home team. Travel distance did not affect home advantage.     

重塑中国形状:二战期间美国战略思维与中国少数民族边疆

本文着眼于分析第二次世界大战中美国外交政策对中国作为近现代民族国家的地缘形体的观念及其政策行为。中美政府各自对战后亚洲的政治格局的战略设想以及战时大国外交,都不可避免地牵涉到与美国的政策制定者对他们所认为介于中国外交和内政之间的灰色区域即中国的少数民族边疆地区的政治走向做出判断和预期。本文所披露的美国政府对上述问题所进行的政策计划细节,有助于了解中国领土属性转型的延续性及其国际背景,也有助于了解战后纠缠于亚洲冷战中的中国民族边疆问题的战时背景。     

美国外资银行破产独特性分析

美国外资银行的破产法律规范无论从体系的构建,还是管辖机构的设立无不显示其复杂性。从构架繁复的规范可以看出,维护本国债权人利益抑或是考虑外资银行母国金融稳定是美国外资银行破产立法者必须面临的两难抉择。各个时期的美国联邦和州立法及银行法律政策都反映出这种难以取舍的困境。国内学界对美国外资银行破产这一领域尚未涉及,而我国外资银行立法还处于研究阶段,因此未雨绸缪好过临时抱佛脚,美国针对外资银行破产的诸多经验和做法值得我们借鉴,学界和司法实践对此都应给予特别关注。     

Worldwide regional variations in home advantage in association football

Abstract

Home advantage plays an important part in determining the result of a game of football. Its existence and magnitude is well documented in England, but its causes are still not completely understood. In this study, reliable estimates of home advantage are calculated for the domestic leagues of all countries of Europe and South America, as well as a selection of countries from other continents. The results of all games during the last six seasons are used for each of these 72 countries. In Europe, home advantage in the Balkan countries, especially Bosnia and Albania, is much higher than average. It is generally lower than average in northern Europe, from the Baltic republics, through Scandinavia to the British Isles. In South America, home advantage is high in the Andean countries and lower elsewhere, especially in Uruguay. Home advantage is not unusually high or low in any of the countries from other continents. A multiple regression model for the 51 European countries, which included variables for geographical location, crowd effects and travel, accounted for 76.7% of the variability in home advantage. The large geographical variations can be interpreted in terms of territoriality being a contributing factor to home advantage.     

语言模因的领域性、时效性和贴近性

成功的语言模因具有长寿性、多产性和复制的忠实性三个特征。文章以全球语言监测机构公布的年度热门词汇榜单体现出的语言现象为例论证成功的语言模因还具有领域性、时效性和贴近性三个特征,增强了模因论的解释力。     

不动产属地登记原则及其规则体系--兼及我国《不动产登记暂行条例》相关制度的完善

不动产登记以属地登记为基本原则,意味着不动产登记实行属地管辖;不动产的登记机构是其所在地域的登记机构,而不是所在地点的登记机构;不动产所在地的登记机构为唯一的登记机构。其法理依据是不动产登记的功能定位要求、不动产的本质属性、不动产登记的技术。不动产登记制度设立的具体规则包括：不动产登记机关按地域设立;不动产登记实行属地管辖,无级别管辖;不动产登记簿实行物的编成主义。我国《不动产登记暂行条例》体现了不动产属地登记原则,但相关制度仍需进一步完善。     

Reduced home advantage for basketball teams from capital cities in Europe

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the home advantage effect in professional basketball leagues in Europe, especially the differences in home advantage between capital city teams and other teams in each country. All the teams (n=159) of seven national professional basketball leagues were studied (Bulgaria, Greece, Lithuania, Romania, Russia, Spain, and Turkey) and classified as capital city teams or other teams. The data (n=7432 games) were gathered for six seasons (2003–2004 to 2008–2009). The results confirmed the existence of a home advantage effect in all seven basketball leagues. There was a significant difference (P<0.001) between the leagues, with home advantage highest in Romania (65.10%) and Greece (65.02%), and lowest in Turkey (58.12%) and Lithuania (56.13%). The results also show that capital city teams experienced lower home advantage compared with other teams in all seven countries. After controlling for team ability, this was statistically significant for Bulgaria, Greece, Romania, and Turkey (all P<0.05), but not for Lithuania, Russia or Spain (all P>0.10). These results are consistent with previous studies in football, which suggested that teams playing in capital cities in Europe had lower home advantage than those playing elsewhere. Possible reasons for this finding include a diminished sense of being part of a cohesive local community when playing in a capital city, a lower sense of territorial protection and, for the away team, a lessened feeling of unfamiliarity.     

从立法的角度看我国对商标平行进口规制的完善

我国是一个发展中国家,因此在制定规制平行进口的法律时,应当坚持两个平衡:一是商标权人、平行进口商以及消费者之间的平衡;另一个是保护商标权与促进自由贸易之间的平衡。基于这两个平衡,我国关于平行进口的法律不能绝对地坚持地域性原则或权利国际穷竭原则,而应坚持部分地域性原则与权利有限国际穷竭原则相结合,即原则上允许平行进口,同时借鉴美国的"实质性差异"原则,例外情况下禁止平行进口。     

跨文化交际中的非言语交际

对于我们来说,研究国际交流的实际需要是使来自不同文化的人能顺畅、有效地彼此交流。随着全球化的发展。这种研究显得日趋必要。我们把来自不同文化的人间的互相交流称为跨文化交际（Lany A．Smovar,Richard E．Porter,Lisa A．Stefani 2000）,如何有效、成功地进行跨文化交际涉及到许多方面。其中非言语交际起到了不可忽视的作用。本文作者从肢体语言包括目光接触和身体动作以及环境语言包括时间信息和空间信息等方面分析了跨文化交际中的非言语交际。     

对重大赛事主场优势形成过程的质性研究

采用质性研究方法探索重大赛事主场优势的形成过程.以主场比赛成功、主场比赛失败为关键事件,对24名国家队运动员和教练员进行深度访谈,结合运动员日记等资料,通过质性分析软件Nvivo 8.0,运用扎根理论分析方法提炼出主场环境、比赛任务性质、心理领域感、自我表现动机、主场推进策略5个主类别,运用关联式及选择式编码,构建主场优势的形成过程,指出主场优势是在比赛任务性质这一背景下,主场环境因素通过运动员的自我表现动机、心理领域感的中介,采取有效主场推进策略的结果.