Challenging from the margins into the mainstream—improving renal services in a collaborative and entrepreneurial spirit

Can the development, both clinical and managerial, of practitioners involved in healthcare be enriched by connecting action learning principles and practice with research on ‘tempered radicals’? Might such connection also assist the efforts of patients and their advocates to create more holistic approaches to patient care? This paper explores these questions with reference to a UK Department of Health project to improve renal services. The prime focus is the experience of a set of set advisers who ‘held the ring’ on the project, supporting the work of the sets and attempting to make sense of the emerging learning.     

Novel distribution pattern of fibrinolytic components in rabbit tissues extract： a preliminary study

Objective: The purpose of this work was to investigate the distribution pattern of fibrinolytic factors and their inhibitors in rabbit tissues. Methods: The components of the fibrinolytic system in extracts from a variety of rabbit tissues, including tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), plasminogen (Plg), plasmin (Pl) and α2 plasmin inhibitor (α2PI), were determined by colorimetric assay. Results: The tissue extracts in renal, small intestine, lung, brain and spleen demonstrated strong fibrinolytic function, in which high activity of tPA, Plg and Pl was manifested; whereas in skeletal muscle, tongue and stomach, higher activity of PAI-1 and α2PI showed obviously. Also excellent linear correlations were found between levels of tPA and PAI-1, Pl and α2PI, Plg and Pl. In related tissues, renal cortex and renal marrow showed distinctly higher activity of tPA and lower activity of PAI-1, with the levels of Plg and Pl in renal cortex being higher than those in renal marrow, where the α2PI level was higher than that in renal cortex. Similarly, the levels of tPA, Plg and Pl in small intestine were higher than those in large intestine, but with respect to PAI-1 and α2PI, the matter was reverse. In addition, the fibrinolytic activity in muscle tissue was lower, however, the levels of tPA, Plg, and Pl in cardiac muscle were obviously higher than those in skeletal muscles, and the levels of PAI-1 and α2PI were significantly lower than those in skeletal muscle. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that a remarkable difference of the fibrinolytic patterns exists in rabbit tissues, which has probable profound significance in understanding the relationship between the function of haemostasis or thrombosis and the physiologic function in tissues.     

金叶日本冬青组培增殖技术研究

以金叶日本冬青（Ilexcrenata）幼嫩茎段获得的无菌苗作外植体,通过在MS培养基中加入不同质量浓度的NAA和6-BA、选取茎段不同部位、设置液体培养基琼脂不同加量、不同pH值、不同光照强度等处理,分别对金叶日本冬青离体增殖培养进行研究,从而筛选增殖效果最佳的培养基配方。结果表明,1．0mg／L6-BA结合0．5mg／LNAA的增殖效果最佳;不同部位的外植体对增殖具有一定影响,试验发现采用茎尖培养,效果最佳;不同琼脂浓度、pH值及光照强度对其增殖均有一定影响,在生产中利用近似流体态的0．2％琼脂培养基效果较好;培养基pH值为6．0时效果最佳,芽数量多,苗生长健壮;在自然光培养下,芽增殖系数、苗高度和植株生长状况都优于相同光强的日光处理。     

Potential Chemoprevention of 7,12-Dimethylbenz[a]anthracene Induced Renal Carcinogenesis by Moringa oleifera Pods and Its Isolated Saponin

Present investigation shows that hydroethanolic extract of Moringa oleifera (MOHE) and its isolated saponin (SM) attenuates DMBA induced renal carcinogenesis in mice. Isolation of SM was achieved by TLC and HPLC and characterization was done using IR and ¹H NMR. Animals were pre-treated with MOHE (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight; p.o), BHA as a standard (0.5 and 1 %) and SM (50 mg/kg body weight) for 21 days prior to the administration of single dose of DMBA (15 mg/kg body weight). Administration of DMBA significantly (p < 0.001) enhanced level of xenobiotic enzymes. It enhanced renal malondialdehyde, with reduction in renal glutathione content, antioxidant enzymes and glutathione-S-transferase. The status of renal aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and total protein content were also found to be decreased along with increase in total cholesterol in DMBA administered mice. Pretreatment with MOHE and SM significantly reversed the DMBA induced alterations in the tissue and effectively suppressed renal oxidative stress and toxicity.     

Evaluation of urinary abnormalities in nephrolithiasis patients from Marathwada region

Urinary abnormalities were evaluated in 100 renal stone patients with first episode of renal stone having age 22 to 45 years from both sex and compared to 100 normal healthy control group having same age group from both sex. Twenty-four hours urinary oxalate, calcium, uric acid, sodium, magnesium, phosphorus and citrate were estimated. The urinary pH was also determined. In stone formers urinary oxalate, calcium, sodium and uric acid excretions were significantly higher when compared with control group. Whereas citrate, phosphate and magnesium excretion were significantly lower in stone formers when compared with control. The pH of urine in stone formers was lower than the controls. High dietary intake of purine rich diet causes elevated excretion of uric acid, which leads to calcium oxalate crystal formation and precipitation. Other risk factors such as urinary oxalate, calcium also related to formation of renal calculi. Hypocitraturia is the main cause of renal calculi along with hypomagnesiuria and hypophosphaturia in the patient of Marathwada region. On the basis of urinary abnormalities further stone formation in the patient can be prevented by dietary modifications.     

肾综合征出血热病后残留损害的研究(Ⅱ)

在1988年5月对HFRS病后1～10年148例调查的基础上,对其中的77例进行了第二次调查.结果:全身乏力占68.83％,头昏痛占48.05％,腰痛占41.55％,背胀占37.66％,心悸气短占20.77％.19例血清和/或尿液β_2-MG异常的患者,此次仍有6例血清β_2-MG大于3000ng/ml,9例尿β_2-MG大于150ng/ml,4例尿Alb,5例尿IgG,3例尿NAG异常.     

Standardization of a dilution method for cyclosporin (C2) estimation in renal transplant patients

Accurate monitoring of blood cyclosporin C2 levels is vital to prevent over immunosuppression and acute renal toxicity in patients who receive organ transplant. The matrix used to dilute patients’ C2 samples prior to the assay affected the final measured values. Hence there was a need to develop a method of dilution that would accurately estimate C2 levels when cyclosporin levels were beyond the calibration range of the method employed. Whole blood, cyclosporin free hemolysate and cell and protein free supernatant obtained after pretreatment of normal blood were used to dilute patients’ C2 samples. C2 was measured in 188 patients using the supernatant method of dilution. C2 was correlated with Co and dose of cyclosporin received by the patient. The use of cell and protein free supernatant obtained after pretreatment of normal blood as a C2 diluent detected higher levels of C2 in the sample. Measured C2 correlated significantly with Co and the cyclosporin dose received by the patient. The uniformly aqueous cell and protein free supernatant ensures uniform dilution of the patients’ C2 sample and measures higher cyclosporin levels.     

二化螟隐花色素基因cryptochrome1和cryptochrome2的克隆与表达谱分析

隐花色素基因(cryptochrome,简称cry)是一类生物钟基因,参与生物体昼夜节律调控。本实验克隆了二化螟2个隐花色素基因,分别命名为Cs-cry1和Cs-cry2(Genbank登录号分别为HG780135和KF977409),其分别包含1605 bp和2289 bp的开放阅读框,分别编码由534和762个氨基酸组成的蛋白;Cs-cry1与其它鳞翅目昆虫cry1的相似性较高,而Cs-cry2与其它鳞翅目昆虫cry2的相似性较高,这与系统进化分析结果相一致;半定量RT-PCR研究表明Cs-cry1和Cs-cry2基因在二化螟成虫触角、头、雄、腹、足和翅等不同组织中均有表达。实验结果为二化螟昼夜节律分子机制研究提供了理论依据。     

Fabrication of hierarchical polycaprolactone/gel scaffolds via combined 3D bioprinting and electrospinning for tissue engineering

It is a severe challenge to construct 3D scaf- folds which hold controllable pore structure and similar morphology of the natural extracellular matrix （ECM）. In this study, a compound technology is proposed by com- bining the 3D bioprinting and electrospinning process to fabricate 3D scaffolds, which are composed by orthogonal array gel microfibers in a grid-like arrangement and inter- calated by a nonwoven structure with randomly distributed polycaprolactone （PCL） nanofibers. Human adipose- derived stem cells （hASCs） are seeded on the hierarchical scaffold and cultured 21 d for in vitro study. The results of cells culturing show that the microfibers structure with controlled pores can allow the easy entrance of cells and the efficient diffusion of nutrients, and the nanofiber webs layered in the scaffold can significantly improve initial cell attachment and proliferation. The present work demon- strates that the hierarchical PCL/gel scaffolds consisting of controllable 3D architecture with interconnected pores and biomimetic nanofiber structures resembling the ECM can be designed and fabricated by the combination of 3D bioprinting and electrospinning to improve biological per- formance in tissue engineering applications.     

高职《植物组织培养技术》课程教学改革的探索与实践

阐述了在高职教育工学结合教学改革的大背景下《植物组织培养技术》课程教学改革的总体思路,详细介绍了“项目引领、任务驱动、教学做合一”的教学模式的具体做法及课程教学改革所取得的成果。