试论具象绘画与抽象绘画的关系

具象绘画和抽象绘画是中外美术史上两种最主要的绘画形式。具象绘画和抽象绘画都是现实生活的反映；具象绘画中含有抽象表现性因素；抽象绘画中也含有具象再现性因素。探讨分析二者的相互关系，有利于把握这两种不同绘画形式的艺术本质，促进二者的有机融合，从而推动绘画艺术的发展。     

Impact analysis of natural disasters using interrelation of infrastructure and associated industries

Most serious natural disasters cause fatalities and injuries, and result in infrastructure damage, economic impacts, and social effects. With respect to the nature of impacts, it is important to understand the direct and indirect impacts of natural disasters on infrastructure and industries. In this paper, a holistic disaster impact analysis framework is presented to support more understanding of natural disaster events with respect to inter-relation of infrastructure and associated industries. Disaster impact mechanism and inter-relations based on critical function of industries derived from the extensive literature review and case studies. To develop the framework, service factor is chosen to measure the level of inter-relations and proper weights for each inter-relation between infrastructure and associated industries are obtained by surveying experts in the area of disaster mitigation, emergency organizations, and infrastructure management. This paper focuses on the impact analysis of hurricane disaster and the outcome can also be applied to other types of disasters.