铁饼飞行中的空气动力学原理与关键技术分析

铁饼投掷的运动成绩是由运动员的身体素质、专项技术能力和铁饼在空中飞行时空气动力等因素所决定的。将空气动力学的基础知识应用到投掷铁饼出手动作“控饼”技术的教学与训练中 ,从而获得理想的出手初速度、适宜的出手角度和铁饼飞行中的合理倾角 ,以达到提高教学与训练质量和运动技术水平的目的。     

活血皇浆对田径运动员血液动力流变学和血液有形成分参数的影响

根据中医内科辩证和因时制宜原则 ,对校田径代表队在夏季比赛期间服用活血皇浆前后进行血液动力流变学和血液有形成分参数的比较观察结果表明 ,运动员服液后在脉率 (PR)、每搏量 (SV)、心输出量 (CO)、左心有效泵力 (VPE)和左心能量有效利用率 (EWK )改善的同时 ,出现心肌耗氧量 (HOV)、心肌耗氧指数 (HOI)、心肌血液需要量 (CMBN)、心肌血液灌注量(CMBV)和总周阻 (TPR)、标准周阻 (SPR)、收缩压 (SP)舒张压 (DP)等参数下降 ,呈现机能和能量节省化 ,而血液状态则表现为血容量 (BV)增多 ,全血粘度 (η)和还原血粘度 (ηr)下降 ,切变应力增高 ,血流速度加快 ,有利于维持微循环正常功能。血液有形成分的改变提示 ,血红蛋白 (Hb)红细胞比积 (HCT)和血小板 (PL T)有增高趋势 ;平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度 (MCHC)下降 ,则有可能与 BV相对增多 ,红细胞 (RBC)体积增大有关     

一类圆周自映射拓扑熵的计算

本文讨论了一类新的圆周自映射 ,证明了它是拓扑熵为零的圆周自映射 ,从而推广了 [1][2 ]的一个结果 .     

合唱的力度处理

在合唱艺术表现中，力度是作品情感表现的重要因素。力度的强弱变化对比直接影响着作品的情感表现力。只有了解和掌握不同时期合唱力度的特点，才能准确合理地运用声音力度的强弱变化对比，塑造不同的音乐形象，表达作品丰富的内涵。     

运动性疲劳分子生物学机制的研究进展

从四个方面(细胞内分子、细胞膜分子、细胞外分子和其他广泛存在的分子和离子)综合分析运动性疲劳分子生物学机制的研究进展,以期达到完善运动性疲劳机制理论体系的目的.     

划水板流体动力特征的风洞实验研究

本文介绍了自行研制的三种划水板和国外两种划水板及其在风洞内进行的测力实验,以了解分析其不同的流体动力特征;对板面开孔与无孔吹风测力、板面有或无稳流板条及板条分布的测试结果,为新型划水板的设计提供了理论依据。研究发现,螺旋曲面扭转结构的自制板对运动员手掌最佳对水倾斜角有诱导修正作用,能帮助运动员建立良好的技术,提高“水感”,获得理想的划水效果。实验结果表明以上观点是可以肯定的。     

知识管理在提升企业自主创新能力中的作用

从知识角度对自主创新的内涵进行界定,阐述了自主创新和知识管理的关系,探讨知识管理个要素对企业自主创新能力的影响。以知识管理为核心,采用系统动力学仿真软件VENSIM构建企业自主创新的系统动力学模型,比较不同知识管理因素对自主创新能力提升的效果,并提出相应的政策建议。     

LilrB2蛋白与Aβ(16-21)双链的结合

LilrB2蛋白与Aβ(1-42)寡聚态的结合会造成阿尔茨海默症的某些症状,研究其中的结合方式对设计针对性抑制剂具有重要意义。以lilrB2蛋白和Aβ(16-21)双分子链为研究对象,通过分子对接设定3个不同构象作为分子动力学模拟起点,分析3组体系的模拟轨迹,发现lilrB2蛋白上的ASP23残基与Aβ(16-21)单支链上的LYS残基有较强的相互作用,对受体和配体结合起到了重要的影响。在不同结合状态下,lilrB2蛋白的CYS142和SER24残基与Aβ(16-21)支链上VAL、PHE和ALA残基的疏水作用也有利于lilrB2蛋白和Aβ(16-21)双分子链的结合。     

Solid-state intramolecular motions in continuous fibers driven by ambient humidity for fluorescent sensors

One striking feature of molecular rotors is their ability to change conformation with detectable optical signals through molecular motion when stimulated. However, due to the strong intermolecular interactions, synthetic molecular rotors have often relied on fluid environments. Here, we take advantage of the solid-state intramolecular motion of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) molecular rotors and one-dimensional fibers, developing highly sensitive optical fiber sensors that respond to ambient humidity rapidly and reversibly with observable chromatic fluorescence change. Moisture environments induce the swelling of the polymer fibers, activating intramolecular motions of AIE molecules to result in red-shifted fluorescence and linear response to ambient humidity. In this case, polymer fiber provides a process-friendly architecture and a physically tunable medium for the embedded AIE molecules to manipulate their fluorescence response characteristics. Assembly of sensor fibers could be built into hierarchical structures, which are adaptive to diverse-configuration for spatial-temporal humidity mapping, and suitable for device integration to build light-emitting sensors as well as touchless positioning interfaces for intelligence systems.     

Two decades of suspect evidence for adaptive molecular evolution—negative selection confounding positive-selection signals

There has been a large literature in the last two decades affirming adaptive DNA sequence evolution between species. The main lines of evidence are from (i) the McDonald-Kreitman (MK) test, which compares divergence and polymorphism data, and (ii) the phylogenetic analysis by maximum likelihood (PAML) test, which analyzes multispecies divergence data. Here, we apply these two tests concurrently to genomic data of Drosophila and Arabidopsis. To our surprise, the >100 genes identified by the two tests do not overlap beyond random expectation. Because the non-concordance could be due to low powers leading to high false negatives, we merge every 20–30 genes into a ‘supergene’. At the supergene level, the power of detection is large but the calls still do not overlap. We rule out methodological reasons for the non-concordance. In particular, extensive simulations fail to find scenarios whereby positive selection can only be detected by either MK or PAML, but not both. Since molecular evolution is governed by positive and negative selection concurrently, a fundamental assumption for estimating one of these (say, positive selection) is that the other is constant. However, in a broad survey of primates, birds, Drosophila and Arabidopsis, we found that negative selection rarely stays constant for long in evolution. As a consequence, the variation in negative selection is often misconstrued as a signal of positive selection. In conclusion, MK, PAML and any method that examines genomic sequence evolution has to explicitly address the variation in negative selection before estimating positive selection. In a companion study, we propose a possible path forward in two stages—first, by mapping out the changes in negative selection and then using this map to estimate positive selection. For now, the large literature on positive selection between species has to await reassessment.