第16届世界杯足球赛亚洲球队与世界杯前八名球队运用定位球进攻战术之比较

为了提高我国高层次足球队定位球进攻战术水平，通过对第16届世界杯决赛阶段亚洲球队和世界杯前八名球队定位球进攻情况的调查统计、对比研究，初步分析了世界强队的优势及亚洲球队普遍存在的问题。研究表明，亚洲球队有意识、有目的地制造和利用定位球战机的能力差；上半时运用次数少，且质量低，效果差；在运用不同的定位球进攻方式中，角球进攻破门得分的水平与世界强队的差距较大。     

武术套路中旋风脚动作的运动生物力学分析

对河北省高水平武术套路训练专业队员所做旋风脚动作进行实验研究,利用生物力学实验及统计学方法对所得结果进行分析,得出了人体在完成旋风脚的过程中助跑、起跳、腾空旋转、落地各个阶段之间的相互联系及每个阶段的运动特点,并提出相应的意见和建议,为武术教学和训练提供理论指导。     

足球竞赛规则演变浅析

足球规则的产生可追溯到我国古代，其产生和发展对现代足球有着重要影响。本文通过对现代足球规则演变的分析，揭示足球竞赛规则修改、补充的内涵及其对足球运动发展所起到的推动作用。     

The Ephemeral,the Essential and the Material in the Conservation of Contemporary Art: Decision-Making for the Conservation of a Work of Art Made with Butterfly Wings

This article presents the intervention process carried out on a work of art created by artist Yolanda Gutiérrez Acosta, using a series of ephemeral materials such as butterfly wings and agave thorns. The work, an installation from 2002, is entitled ‘Efímeras’ (‘Ephemera’) and consists of 12 flowers mounted on acetate sheets and attached to the same with vinyl acetate copolymers and acrylic acid esters (Mowilith®). These flowers are installed on the floor in a bed of dried flowers. The conservation of contemporary art can lead to some previously unimaginable problems for restorers. Current works of art are somewhat material in nature, but they also have a conceptual dimension that is essential for their artistic interpretation. The artist’s participation in the decision-making process prior to the restoration was quite useful. The passage of time, its effect on the work, and the need to understand the possibility of the demise and destruction of the work were implicit as of the onset of its creation, such that, according to the artist, we are forced to reflect upon the possibilities of its future state.     

A topography of free kicks in soccer

ABSTRACT

This study investigates the spatial relationship of performance variables for soccer free kicks. In order to suggest ways in which players might optimise their performance, we collected data from free kicks (<35 m to goal line) of two German Bundesliga seasons (2013/14, 2014/15) (n = 1624). In the analysis, we applied the ISO-map approach using colour gradients to visualise the mean values of a variable on a 2D-map of the pitch. Additionally, variograms were used to describe the degree of spatial dependence of the free kick variables. Results show that DENSITY, TYPE OF PLAY, PLAYERS IN WALL, DISTANCE TO WALL and RULE VIOLATION were strongly spatially dependent. Centrality and proximity to the goal increased the variables PLAYERS IN WALL, RULE VIOLATIONS and INTERRUPTION TIME, and the ratio of goals scored increased from 5.9% (central far) to 10.9% (central near). In 70.9% of the shots, players preferred a switched laterality, which did not result in a higher success rate. Furthermore, there was no statistical advantage for the defensive team when DISTANCE TO WALL was below 9.15 m or when there was a RULE VIOLATION. Crosses had a success rate (i.e., first controlled ball contact after the cross) of 20.8%. Played with natural laterality, they were 5% more successful than with switched laterality. Crosses from the right side outside the penalty box were 10% more successful than from the left side. Therefore, it might be worthwhile practising the defence of balls coming from this side.     

角球与前场任意球进攻战术浅析

比较近几届世界杯足球赛与我国足球甲A联赛的角球及前场任意球的进球率，说明角球和前场任意球进攻得分的重要性，并设计了战术和手势配合图，为以后教学和训练提供理论上的依据。     

篮球罚球的心理训练

罚球是篮球比赛中重要的得分手段，心理训练会提高运动员的心理水准，减少失误，提高罚球命中率。本文对赞成罚球失误的原因做了心理分析，提出了一些训练方法和建议，以期提高篮球比赛中运动的罚球表现，     

模拟高原水下爆炸特征参数的实验研究

高原地区进行的水下爆破工程,因水体表面气压随海拔的升高而线性降低,其装药爆炸后的特征参数是否发生变化,对爆破施工有重要意义;采用密闭的高压爆炸容器,模拟高原气压条件,对雷管水下爆炸参数进行了实验研究,研究结果表明：在海拔0---4500m范围内随着气压降低,冲击波峰值压力大小与气压无关。冲击波衰减时间却有一定增长,导致比冲击波能微小增大;气泡脉动周期按二阶多项式规律显著增大,仍由于气压随海拔升高丽变小,装药深度处的总静水压力随之降低,使比气泡能微量减小,而爆炸总能量基本不变。     

掏槽爆破掘进效率的装药研究

通过对掏槽爆破的实验研究,利用火药和猛炸药的联合装药方式,改变了以往的单一装药结构．模拟实验的结果表明,联合协同装药结构与单一装药结构的掏槽效果有着显著的区别．前者的掏槽效果要优于后者;同时通过炸药水下的测试结果表明,改进以后的装药结构的冲击波峰值压力的持续时间明显提高,即联合装药的爆炸生成气体量要大于单一装药,为爆破工程上快速高效的掘进提供了理论依据。     

跆拳道后横踢四种战术动作击打速度效果特点及对运动训练的启示

目的:研究跆拳道后横踢4种战术动作的击打速度效果及对运动训练的启示。方法:以跆拳道后横踢"进攻""迎击""反击""近身"4种战术动作为研究对象,运用Motion-Analysis红外光点高速运动捕捉测试系统,研究在"空击"状态下部分关节转动幅度,人体重心位移变化,膝关节和踝关节的速度、加速度;并运用电子护具采集后横踢4种战术动作的击打力量。结果:进攻、反击战术动作在骨盆、髋关节旋转上与迎击、近身战术动作有差异(P<0.05),而在躯干、膝和踝关节旋转上没有差异(P>0.05)。进攻、迎击、近身战术动作的提膝向心加速和踝关节离心加速好于"反击"(P<0.05)。进攻、迎击、近身战术动作的提膝速度、击打速度均高于"反击"(P<0.05),击打力量也高于"反击",尤其是"进攻"(P<0.05)。"进攻"和"反击"重心移动速度高于"迎击"和"近身"(P<0.01),向心加速度也高于"迎击"和"近身",尤其是"进攻"(P<0.05),但"反击"移动方向与击打方向相反。结论:跆拳道后横踢4种战术中,"进攻"与"反击","迎击"与"近身"动作结构类似;"进攻""迎击""近身"在整个过程中各环节动作肌肉收缩用力、动量传递、击打力量方面均优于"反击",特别是"进攻"显著优于"反击"。在运动训练中,要以比赛规则为导向,了解战术运用现状,科学提高击打速度,提升击打效果策略,更新运动训练思路。