Deacidification of paper relics by plasma technology

With the acidification of paper and paper-containing relics becoming increasingly serious, a convenient, effective and harmless method for deacidification has become an urgent necessity in the protection of paper relics. In this research, a novel method for reducing the acidity of paper by plasma technology is presented, which can be used simply at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. The pH of the paper rises to alkalescence rapidly after treatment and remains stable with no color change, with a slight accompanying increase in the mechanical properties of the paper.     

强力缓冲型档案纸张纤维素螯合与脱酸保护研究

本文论述的BDM保护液在中和纸张中酸的同时,在纸张中沉积微量沉淀,既能使纸张保持7—7.5之强力缓冲的中性,又能与纸张纤维素、半纤维素基环上的羟基与羰基形成稳定螯合物,通过测试其与传统碳酸氢镁溶液处理的纸张老化前后耐折度、抗张强度、撕裂度及白度的保持率,证明该螯合保护液能使纸张耐久保存。     

Multifunctional nanocomposites for paper conservation

Abstract

Upon aging, paper documents and books become progressively damaged. Paper deacidification is a fundamental conservation intervention. In this study, we report on the use of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO₂) and magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂) associated with hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) to inhibit acidification, photo-induced degradation, and biodeterioration of paper. With the aid of ultrasound, Mg(OH)₂ nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution can be obtained through homogeneous precipitation in water. Furthermore, to demonstrate the efficacy of the nanocomposite and the performance of treated and untreated paper, photo- and thermal-induced degradation is discussed. The results show that using the controlled double-jet precipitation (CDJP) it is possible to synthesize Mg(OH)₂ particles with a narrow size distribution (18–87 nm). The nanocomposite of Mg(OH)₂–TiO₂–HEC increases the durability of paper by imparting fungal growth resistance (D = 34.6 mm), moderate alkalinity (pH = 8.4), mechanical reinforcement (from 817–896 N/m), and UV protection. Additionally, there is a slight color difference (ΔE* = 0.8) between the treated and untreated paper. Both photodegradation and thermal degradation indicate that the paper treated with this nanocomposite (Mg(OH)₂–TiO₂–HEC) has increased stability.     

Deacidification of paper using dispersions of Ca(OH)2 nanoparticles in isopropanol. Study of efficiency

The efficiency of a recently described non-aqueous method for paper deacidification using Ca(OH)₂ nanoparticles in isopropanol was evaluated by pH and colorimetric measurements and by the analysis of the degree of polymerization (DP). Samples of plain paper and paper with iron gall ink were tested. The results were compared with non treated samples and samples submitted to the traditional treatment with saturated aqueous Ca(OH)₂ solution. By comparing the two conservation methods, the aqueous one shows higher neutralization reaction kinetics than the non-aqueous one. The iron gall ink samples maintain their coloration closer to the original after the non-aqueous Ca(OH)₂ nanoparticles treatment, in contrary to the aqueous treatment that changes the ink aesthetics considerably. Artificial aging tests revealed a general increase in the aging stability of deacidified paper samples. The Ca(OH)₂ nanoparticles treatment can be an alternative for papers who can not be treated by the classical aqueous treatment, e.g. papers with water soluble components.     

去酸技术和去酸方式的评价及选择

从文献管理者的角度回顾了各种去酸技术和去酸方法的特点,重点放在不同的去酸技术和去酸方式的去酸效果、影响因素及可能存在的风险上。目的是为了有助于文献管理人员了解这些特点,以便依据文献特点选择适合的、有效的去酸技术和去酸方式,降低去酸过程中的风险。研究发现,已有的去酸技术各有优势也都存在不足及副作用。在选择去酸技术时,需要充分地掌握不同去酸技术的弊利,并结合文献纸张及字迹材料的特点,才有可能达到去酸目的并规避风险。整体去酸方式虽然优势不少,但其副作用不可忽视。解决这一矛盾的途径就是透彻地了解被选择的去酸技术,再依据藏品的文化价值、历史价值或工艺价值决定是否可以接受该去酸技术的副作用,或选择风险更小的去酸工艺。单项去酸方式具有较好的风险管控能力,对安全性及保真度要求高的文献,单项去酸是最佳选择。     

The European Community's Databases as Sources of Subnational Information

No abstract available for this article.     

非水相MgO脱酸体系在纸质档案脱酸中的老化行为——以书写纸为例

本文利用微米级和纳米级的MgO非水相脱酸体系对酸性的书写纸进行脱酸实验,并结合了干热、紫外和湿热老化试验来探讨去酸纸样在老化过程中的物化及光学性质变化情况。采用SEM结构分析和EDS元素定位技术来分析MgO在纸张的形貌和分布特征。从MgO多级反应动力学理论的角度来解释去酸纸张在老化过程中pH和碱储量的变化情况。同时,通过分析老化过程中纸样的机械性能和光学性能变化情况,来深入探讨非水相MgO颗粒脱酸体系在书写纸脱酸中的可行性。     

Mass deacidification of papers and books: V. Fungistatic properties of papers treated with aminoalkylalkoxysilanes

A new process using aminoalkylalkoxysilanes (AAAS) was developed recently for paper and book mass deacidification. This process is entirely novel in that, besides deacidifying, it also improves the mechanical properties of paper. In the present article, the properties of inhibition of fungal growth of the treated papers are investigated. It was found that the AAAS tested acted as surface-active antifungal agents when introduced in the paper, significantly reducing the growth of Aspergillus niger and Paecilomyces variotii, two fungal species commonly found in storage areas of libraries and archives. The AAAS which seemed the most efficient in preventing the fungal development was 3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane (AMDES), functionalised with a primary amine. The effect was significant in the different papers tested which demonstrated the protection against the proliferation of filamentous fungi in vitro for papers treated with AMDES. The higher concentration of AMDES inside the paper proved to be the most effective. The highest efficiency was reached for AAAS uptakes around 6%. At this concentration the sporulation of the two strains was inhibited and the development of A. niger mycelia was highly reduced.