2000年以来欧盟终身学习战略实施新特点

2000年里斯本会议以来,欧盟根据新的目标、站在新的高度对终身学习战略重新作了统一规划和部署,终身学习取得了前所未有的战略地位,人们对终身学习有了全面、全新的理解,并将终身学习作为多领域、全方位的社会系统工程,开展了有效的信息统计服务,完善了指标监控体系.     

The Lisbon Process: a European Odyssey

This article deals with the process in the field of education and training that the European Union has put forward to tackle the main challenges it is facing: globalisation, ageing and the ICT revolution. In order to take advantage of the opportunities brought by these three forces and to counteract their potential negative impact, the European Union defined a strategy in 2000: the Lisbon process. It aims at determining the adequate policies to improve Europe's growth potential, employment participation and social cohesion. Five years after its launch, the Lisbon process suffers from a clear lack of implementation that partly explains Europe's lacklustre economic and social performance. The success of the Lisbon process hinges more than ever on the optimal formation and usage of the stock of human capital. Human resources are the main engine for the creation, dissemination and application of knowledge essential for the increase in productivity and creation of jobs necessary for the sustainability of the European economic and social model. The article shows why and how human capital policies aiming at more efficient and more equitable European education and training systems are crucial to the achievement of the economic and social goals set at Lisbon.     

Arguing in Portugal: A cross-cultural analysis

We report data on Portuguese understandings of interpersonal arguing, based on a survey conducted in Portugal (N?=?252). Employing concepts and methods developed for studying interpersonal arguing, we report on the levels of argumentativeness, verbal aggressiveness, personalization of conflict, and argument frames. After comparing Portuguese men and women, we compare Portuguese respondents with two groups of US respondents. In contrast to US respondents, Portuguese report to argue more prosocially, cooperatively and civilly, and are more sophisticated in their reflections about arguing. We discuss these results in the context of the Portuguese notion of argumentation (argumentação) and Portuguese culture more broadly.