不同玉米杂交种茎腐病抗性比较研究

为了筛选对茎腐病抗性较强、产量较高的玉米杂交种,采用人工接种法研究了不同玉米杂交种对茎腐病抗病性和产量结构变化。结果表明,不同玉米杂交种对茎腐病的抗性差异较大。其中,杂交种3号达中抗（MR）,其它均为感（S）或高感（HS）;接种玉米茎腐病菌的杂交种和未接种的穗长、穗粗、行粒数、单穗重、单穗粒重和百粒重之间差异显著（P〈0．05）,而对秃顶长度、粒行数的影响不显著（P〉0．05）。杂交种3号的产量最高,明显高于郑单958,是较为理想的抗病高产新组合。     

Partially reversible photochromic behavior of organic-inorganic perovskites with copper(Ⅱ)chloride

We report that the ultraviolet(UV)light induced photochromic behavior of layered organic-inorganic perovskite material of(C4H9NH3)2CuCl4,changed from yellow to brown after irradiation with UV light(10 mW/cm2)and partially recovered through storage in the dark.(C4H9NH3)2CuCl4 exhibited two distinct absorption bands centered at 286 nm(band Ⅰ)and 384 nm band Ⅱ),which were attributed to the photo-induced exciton formed in 2D inorganic layers sandwiched by organic layers.The blue shift of band Ⅰ from 287 to 269 nm as well as the decrease of the intensity of band Ⅰ and band Ⅱ could be found when samples were irradiated under UV light for djfferent length of time.The simultaneous weakening of the intensity of the N-H…Clhydrogen bond as well as the vibration of the long Cu-Cl bond in the distorted CuCl64- octahedron could be detected from the Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectra,which resulted the change of charge distribution of the dissymmetric Cl-Cu…Cl bond and the resulting photochromic behavior.     

籼粳杂种一代性状特征及杂种优势表现的研究

本文研究了40个组合的籼、粳杂种1代的植株形态及部分组合的一些生理学、米质、抗白叶枯病的性状特征及其表现规律。试验结果表明:在所研究的与产量有密切关系的12个性状中,杂种一代与双亲平均值比较,有8个性状的正向杂种优势达到显著水准,3个性状呈显著的负向优势,1个优势不显著;在所研究的与品质有密切关系的8个性状中,多数组合的杂种1代均表现为双亲的中间类型,其中有的性状较多偏向高值亲本,有的性状较多偏向低值亲本。对稻白叶枯病的抗性,多数组合的杂种1代表现为双亲的中间类型,而且较多偏向低值亲本。从上述对籼粳杂种1代的21项性状的研究中看出:只有在配组过程中,按照杂种1代各种性状的表现规律认真选配好亲本,以促进如每株有效穗数多、穗大粒多、颖花数多、根活力强等有利性状的形成和避免如植株偏高、剑叶面积大等不利性状的出现;并克服普遍存在的杂种1代结实率低的障碍,才能较好地把产量潜力大的籼粳杂种1代应用于生产。     

Chlorocholine chloride and paclobutrazol treatments promote carbohydrate accumulation in bulbs of Lilium Oriental hybrids ‘Sorbonne’

The present study was to test the hypothesis that the plant growth retardants chlorocholine chloride (CCC) and paclobutrazol (PBZ) could improve the carbohydrate accumulation in lily bulbs by enhancing photosynthetic capacity and changing endogenous hormones. Plants of Lilium Oriental hybrids ‘Sorbonne’ were treated with a foliar spray of CCC or PBZ (both at 300 mg/L) solution, at six weeks after planting (6 WAP). The morphological parameters, endogenous hormone contents (gibberellic acid (GA), abscisic acid (ABA), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA)), and carbohydrate contents were measured from 6 to 18 WAP, at 2-week intervals. The results showed that CCC increased the biomass of leaves and stems which might produce more photoassimilates available for transportation and utilization. However, PBZ treatment suppressed vegetative growth and favored photoassimilate transportation into bulbs. A slight delay of bud and anthesis formation was observed in both treated plants. CCC and PBZ treatments substantially enhanced the sucrose contents in leaves probably due to the increase of chlorophyll contents. Treatment with CCC or PBZ decreased GA but increased IAA contents in lily bulbs which might stimulate starch accumulation and formation of new scales. Our experiment suggested that CCC or PBZ treatment is an effective method to promote carbohydrate accumulation in lily bulbs.     

单步微波多元醇法合成Pt／DCNT异质结构

为了获得高负载、单分散的Pt／DCNTs异质结构,提出一种单步微波加热多元醇的方法．分别利用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X射线衍射仪（XRD）表征了Pt／DCNT异质结构的形貌及成分．同时样品的拉曼光谱和傅里叶变换红外光谱（FTIR）表明：在微波处理下的双壁碳纳米管表面上有大量的缺陷或功能团产生,而它们的产生是Pt纳米粒子沿着双壁碳纳米管骨架成核与生长的关键因素．     

5个高丹草品种的生物学性状及产草量比较分析

为了解我国目前选育高丹草品种生物学产量水平,采用3次重复的随机区组试验设计,对参加全国饲草高粱区域试验的4个高丹草新品种以及皖草2号(对照)的主要生物学性状和草产量进行了分析比较。结果表明,各品种株高在第1次刈割时无显著差异,在第2次和第3次差异极显著。倒2叶长以皖草2号最长,且显著超过冀草1号和晋草08-1。分蘖数以皖草2号最多。茎粗和倒2叶宽在各品种间无显著差异。皖草2号含糖量最高,且紫斑病危害轻,叶中脉灰色,富含汁液,表明其抗性和适口性相对较好。在5个参试品种中,BMR1的草产量极显著低于其它4个品种,且这4个品种的总产草量差异不显著。通过聚类分析发现,BMR1被单独聚在1类,其余4个品种被聚在另1类。因此,皖草2号仍不失为本地推广种植的优良品种之一。     

Edavaleth Kakkat Janaki Ammal

E K Janaki Ammal was a renowned botanist and plant cytologist who made significant contributions to genetics, evolution, phytogeography and ethnobotany. This brief biographical sketch describes her life and work. C V Subrmanian is former Director of the Centre for Advanced Study, University of Madras and past President (1977–1985) of the International Mycological Association. His prime interests are in mycology, plant pathology and evolution.     

蝴蝶兰花梗的组织培养和植株再生

报道了蝴蝶兰花梗离体培养，通过原球茎发生途径形成再生植株的过程。     

芦荟属(Aloe L.)植物有性杂交试验的研究初报

文章用芦荟属(Aloe L．)植物元江芦荟(A．yuanjiangensis Xiong,Zheng et Liu)和皂质芦荟[A．saponaria(Ait．) Haw．]为亲本进行了种间远缘有性杂交试验,获得了19株F1代实生苗。对F1代实生苗的外部形态特征的初步鉴定结果表明,F1代出现了明显的分离,并产生了兼有父母本优良特征的中间类型10株,占52．63％,达到育种目标的有8株,占 42．11％。旨在探索芦荟属植物杂交育种的方法与途径,培育具有更高经济价值的芦荟新品种,丰富我国的芦荟种质资源。     

Organic-inorganic material for the consolidation of plaster

Organic-inorganic materials to be used as hydrophobic consolidants for plasters were synthesized starting from an inorganic precursor (Tetraethoxysilane [TEOS]), added to a polysiloxane epoxy formulation and thermally cured with Ytterbium as acid catalyst. The TEOS reduces the viscosity of the resin, contributing to the mechanical properties of the film, without causing cracking. Solvents, that are harmful for workers and environment and show some drawbacks in the practice of restoration, were not used. The film properties and the formation of silica clusters were investigated. The products were applied by brush on plaster's samples and their compatibility and effectiveness were verified. Thanks to the organic content, the products penetrate deeply, are more stable to photo-oxidative degradation, and the hydrophobicity of the resin, provided by the silicone component, is not altered.