‘The Sole Anti-Democratic Federation in the Entire Olympic Movement’: Early International Association of Athletics Federations Development Initiatives Between Commercialization and Democratization, 1974–1987

Abstract

Studies on the development of Olympic Solidarity as a tool of the International Olympic Committee (IOC) to enable National Olympic Committees of developing countries access to resources and influence in the Olympic Movement exist. However, historical scholarship has relatively neglected the development of aid programs by International Federations to explain how they made use of resources to gain influence in international sport politics. Based on extensive multi-national and multi-lingual archival research in the archives of the International Association of Athletics Federation (IAAF) and the German Sport University Cologne, this article explores the establishment and development of the IAAF‘s Technical Aid Program, which had been installed in 1974. Referencing a large amount of previously unknown protocols and written correspondence, the paper critically discusses the IAAF‘s development activities in light of two parallel occurring processes that shaped the federation’s character in the 1970s and 1980s decisively: its increasing commercialization and its path towards democratization in its voting system. It is argued that the IAAF development programs served as a tool to enforce commercial and sport political interests whilst the nature of support remained without clear guidance until the mid-1980s.     

普罗普的故事形态学及列维．斯特劳斯的批评

普罗普的故事形态学研究强调了系统描写相对于发生学研究的优先性。然而其角色和功能分析取消了内容成分，导致了文本的极端缩减。20世纪60年代，列维*斯特劳斯针对普罗普的方法问题撰文申明结构与形式的差异，指出了普罗普故事研究中的形式主义因素特征。他认为形式主义的困境在于它不能重构其本身由以出发的经验。就口承文化传统研究而言，普罗普的故事形态学及斯特劳斯的批评在对民间叙事作品的描述与分类及文本与语境的关系等问题上给人以多方启示。普罗普试图捕捉内在于民间故事的自治原则，而斯特劳斯则试图发现隐匿于作品(如神话)背后的观念形态。     

A multi-campus usability testing study of the new Primo interface

Abstract

When the 23-member California State University Libraries merged integrated library systems in 2017, a unique opportunity arose to conduct multi-tenant usability testing on user experience in the Primo discovery service, collectively branded OneSearch. In 2018, librarians at five campuses conducted a round of task-based individual user testing on their separate instances, seeking to review individual campuses’ decisions about customizations designed to provide optimal performance of the system and provide insight into group decisions about our shared customization choices. Along with the findings of the test results and recommendations for enhancements to existing modifications, we discuss the challenges and opportunities that are present in conducting multi-campus usability testing and share recommendations for future consortium-based testing efforts.     

发现系统对期刊数据库使用量的影响分析——基于北京师范大学使用Primo发现系统前后4年的数据库统计

资源发现系统近年来在图书馆信息资源整合领域兴起,在国外主要图书馆已得到广泛的应用,在国内也逐渐成为各图书馆信息资源整合和服务的重点。发现系统对资源的获取和利用有无影响?文章以北京师范大学使用Primo前后共4年的数据为例,介绍数据库统计指标规范及选取,讨论了发现系统的使用对期刊数据库的检索量、全文浏览及下载量的影响。     

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��[Purpose/significance] Electronic resources accessproblems are increasingly obvious because of the launch of new service platform ALMA and PRIMO, which confuses the librarians and affects users' experience. Library should pay more attention to it.[Method/process] The paper reviewed the literatures on electronic resources troubleshooting, analyzed the flow chart of electronic resources access in discovery system and also investigated examples of commonly encountered access problems.[Result/conclusion] Summarizing the research progress on electronic resources access issues and outline the access process. Major reasons of access trouble are examined from 3 aspects:metadata quality and configuration in Primo Central Index and ALMA, information change of electronic resources themselves. Some suggestions for solving access problems are put forward.     

基于Primo的一站式资源获取平台实践与思考

为了充分发挥高校图书馆在云网络环境下的资源服务,上海交大图书馆引进了Primo,在此基础上建立了一站式数字资源服务平台——思源探索。文章阐述了该平台的构建需求与平台选择,提出了资源一体化服务的系统架构,逐个分析了系统功能与特性,并针对平台用户使用进行了调研、分析与思考。     

三种发现服务系统的比较研究

发现服务系统是近年来崭露头角的信息资源整合服务平台,受到国内外学术图书馆的青睐。该文从元数据、架构与功能、检索与界面、商务因素共四个方面对三种流行的发现服务系统Summon、EDS、Primo进行比较研究,为发现服务系统的选型提供参考。     

关白附内生菌的分离鉴定及其抗菌和细胞毒活性研究

从关白附（Aconitum Coreanum（Levl.）Rapaics）中分离出内生菌共29株,通过TLC检测筛选出2株可能产生生物碱类成分的内生菌.对筛选出的2株内生菌株的发酵培养物分别以纸片法和MTT法进行抑菌和细胞毒活性测定.实验结果显示,2个内生菌株发酵产物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌具有良好的抑菌作用,对肝癌细胞SMMC-7721、胃癌细胞SGC-7901具有良好的细胞毒活性.通过16S rDNA基因序列分析,2株内生菌分别被鉴定为类芽孢杆菌属和芽孢杆菌属细菌.     

关于发现系统的问题与思考

文章基于三种国外主流的发现系统Summon、EDS和Primo,对图书馆界在发现系统评估与应用中出现的一些共性问题和分歧提出思考与分析,重点评述引进发现系统的必要性,评估发现系统的主要因素,以及展望未来发现系统的发展前景。     

Kicking the Tires: A Usability Study of the Primo Discovery Tool

Discovery tools offer users a powerful way of searching library holdings as well as external databases and indexes. They are becoming an increasingly common part of the library user experience, and research on the usability of such tools is expanding. In 2012, a mid-sized academic research library implemented Primo Discovery and Delivery by Ex Libris and conducted a diagnostic usability test to investigate how the tool is used without instruction, to discover patterns in searching behavior, and to uncover how compatible Primo is with user search behavior. This article will describe the design and implementation of the usability study. Despite some design flaws, users adapt to the tool over time and can perform effective searches. This article also provides recommendations for future usability studies in specific targeted areas where problems were detected.