Moving beyond the anthropos and reclaiming the geo in intercultural communication: The transculturation of the martial art practice of Aikido

This ethnographic study examines the practice of Aikido, a martial art style originating from Japan, by a community of non-Japanese practitioners in the southwestern region of the United States. This paper recounts the second nature-making of the art's skillful responsiveness as a thing to be explained from the ground, rather than leaving its cultural dynamics and their appropriative relations unchallenged as a relatively homogenous process of globalization and increased contact. In the case of Shining Energy (a pseudonym), the “taking” of another's cultural elements and “making” it a fully habituated and naturalized way of moving and being (second nature) are predicated on geo-making, the production of ontologizing resources (first nature) that enable culturally sanctioned modes of somatic engagements with the world. The process of appropriating Aikido entails an inversion between the figure and ground that foregrounds the geo-making of the ground/field for activity itself.     

从《花木兰》到《功夫熊猫》——解析文化全球化背景下文化转换现象

作为技术全球化的衍生品,文化全球化以文化传播为媒介,体现不同文化在全球范围内的交流和互动。强势文化与弱势文化、精英文化与大众文化、文化帝国主义与文化民族主义之间的发展并非泾渭分明,而是呈现出在碰撞交流的过程中相互之间挪用、吸收、融合有益成分。＂文化转换＂（transculturation）正是体现出不同文化融合和趋同的现象。《花木兰》和《功夫熊猫》是两部以中国故事为背景的美国制造影片,都在不同程度上体现出中国元素和美国精神。文章试图从人物、情节和场景三方面分析影片中涉及文化转换的现象。