Working with rules: lived democracy in school

This study focuses on an attempt by a Swedish secondary school teacher to fashion a more participatory education situation by involving his students in deciding the rules for their group work. Five group sessions were video recorded and examined using a conversation–analytic approach. The findings show a complex interplay between democratic and undemocratic elements in the interaction between the teacher and the students, as well as among the students themselves. Throughout the material, the students often reconnected to the democratic discourse of the teacher and employed it for various purposes. This also meant that the students’ work with the assignment was sometimes set aside. However, because it can be assumed that the students pick up new democratic competencies as they partake in the sessions, the teacher's participatory agenda can still be defended. The findings are discussed in relation to previous research.     

道德调节

在对各种技术道德研究路径进行分析的基础上,展开对技术是否可以作为道德行动者的审视,并从道德调节入手,以对构成道德能动性的两个必要条件——意向性和自由——的非人文主义分析为基础,重新思考伦理学中物的地位,借助于阐述物在道义论、目的论、美德论伦理学中的作用来创建认真对待技术道德相关性所需要的空间,即通过道德调节来有效构建通向将技术道德化的理论途径。     

Introduction to the Special Forum on Critical Making as Research Program

This special issue spotlights the growing diversity of critical making practices in a range of disciplinary contexts both inside and outside of the academy, and begins to develop perspectives that will foster the emergence of critical making as a coherent field. On one hand, we see great value in incorporating material practices into existing information systems (IS) and science and technology studies (STS) research programs. In particular, forms of material engagement can help overcome the ineffectual linguistic bias of traditional critiques of technoscience. On the other hand, we believe that current material practices can benefit from the conceptualization of knowledge and social organization that are foundational to IS and STS research. In this introduction to the special issue we call attention to the mechanisms by which such practices may combine representational and material work to foster and support the development of new knowledge-making communities and institutions. We believe such work can serve as a framework for others engaged in critical making practices to better contextualize and expand the relevance of their work. We intend this special issue to serve as a “stake in the ground” for research on new forms of material-conceptual critique and their incorporation in the repertoire of critical technoscience scholarship.     

对色彩真实性的思考

在固有色和条件色的两大体系中，都有象达．芬奇，莫奈等重要的代表人物的画作存留于世，栩栩如生地表现了我们这个可以感知的物质世界，并传达着他们对这个世界的真实感受，就色彩而言，这两个既联系又存在区别的体系，究竟哪一种的表现会更真实？     

DRILLING THROUGH THE ALLEGHENY MOUNTAINS

In 1999, Carruthers and Stinchcombe provided the classic discussion of ‘the social structure of liquidity’: the institutional arrangements that support markets in which ‘exchange occurs easily and frequently’. Our argument in this paper is that the material aspects of these arrangements – and particularly the materiality of prices – need far closer attention than they normally receive. We develop this argument by highlighting two features of new assemblages that have been created in financial markets since 1999. First, these assemblages give sharp economic significance to spatial location and to physical phenomena such as the speed of light (the physics of these assemblages is Einsteinian, not Newtonian, so to speak). Second, they have provoked fierce controversy focusing on ultra-fast ‘high-frequency trading’, controversy in which issues of materiality are interwoven intimately with questions of legitimacy, particularly of fairness.     

数字化时代的劳动与正义

随着人类社会步入数字化时代,数字劳动成为当今时代的典型劳动形式。马克思在批判异化劳动的基础上阐述了资本与劳动之间的对立关系,对机器体系的发展做了科学预见,从而为在政治经济学批判视域中检视数字化时代的人类劳动奠定了基础。对"受众劳动"和"非物质劳动"的概念史考察,引发了数字劳动有无"物质性"的争论以及是否存在异化和剥削的问题。基于历史唯物主义的立场,马克思科学阐明了物质性劳动的基础地位,同时,在马克思的政治经济学批判语境中,数字劳动者依然遭受着异化及剥削,这种生存境遇要求我们在现实中科学把握资本逻辑,从共享上规范数据所有权,在制度上坚持以人民为中心,从而重构数字化时代的劳动正义原则。     

Literacies across sponsorscapes: mobilising notions of literacy sponsorship

Building from the concept ‘sponsors of literacy', the authors revisit three empirical studies to argue for mobilising notions of sponsorship beyond fixed conceptions of individual sponsors and literacy to lifewide perspectives that take into account sponsoring relations across the broader learning lives of youth. The authors take up the theoretical heuristic ‘sponsorscapes' as a lens for attending to the dynamically networked, reciprocal and human‐material dimensions of literacy practices. With cases drawn from across settings and research foci, including middle school students in a classroom setting, high school‐aged youth across contexts and a participant‐researcher's interactions with a college student, the authors argue that attending to sponsorscapes can contribute critical insight into the emergent, diverse and valued literacies and sponsorship thriving across lifewide learning pathways, while recognising learners' agentive roles in investing, resisting and sponsoring literacies.     

Innovators and innovated: Newspapers and the postdigital future beyond the “death of print”

Along with other cultural organizations, newspapers, through waves of digital disruption, have become subject to a dominant narrative of crisis. But newspapers have long participated in change. A constructivist approach, qualified by consideration of media materiality, draws attention to diverse but essential processes of innovation around them. We see a contraflow of migration from digital to print, opening up a shared media space; bonding strategies are bringing multimedia to ink on paper, while bridging via boundary objects such as QR (Quick Response) codes are connecting the two. Among other initiatives, development of automation of news production and experiments with transparency are further evidence of an active embrace of change by newspapers that calls into question the discourse on their demise. This analysis inductively develops a nuanced account of the role of the newspaper as an object and as an institution. It suggests a hybrid, multifaceted, enduring presence of print in the complex media ecology of the future.     

浅析重要性原则在会计准则中的具体运用

重要性要求是会计信息质量的一项基本要求,在会计理论与实务中有着十分广泛的运用。运用重要性原则,有利于把握住问题的实质,抓住关键点,最终实现“较小的成本、较大的效益”的目的。本文主要介绍重要性原则在会计账户的设置、会计处理方法的选择和会计信息的披露等方面的具体运用。