协同搜索过程中用户交流内容与模式研究

[目的/意义]旨在分析协同搜索用户在信息搜索任务过程中的交流内容与模式,从而理解协同搜索用户的关注重点与搜索过程。[研究设计/方法]基于书籍交互检索平台(CLEF-Social Book Search)设计实验,共招募18名被试完成两种搜索任务,通过录音记录对话并对其进行编码和分析,总结交流内容特征和模式。结合任务类型、认知类型组合、服务器记录的搜索交互行为日志以及问卷收集的搜索体验进行了探索分析。[结论/发现]从交流内容上看,协同搜索用户主要理解与评判书目信息、商讨搜索任务计划;比起认知类型不同的用户,相同认知类型的用户在操作交互方面交流更多,在评判决策方面交流较少。交流模式依据讨论内容比重可分为理解评判型、评判主导型、均衡交流型三种,评判主导型用户的任务完成满意度最高。[创新/价值]协同搜索用户的交流反映出搜索过程中需要与同伴商讨协同的焦点,也是需要系统提供协助的重点,给协同搜索系统设计提供一定参考。本研究针对协同搜索的交流内容设计的编码系统对相关的协同交流研究也有借鉴意义。     

美国职业教育的法制化历程和启示

美国职业教育较为发达,在其以立法促进职业教育发展的方针下,职业教育随着社会经济的发展,不断进行针对性改革.纵观职业教育发展历程,其注重立法、灵活多变、讲求实效等特点应为我们所重视.     

Role Development in the Managed Care Era: A Case of Hospital-Based Nursing

Managed care poses numerous opportunities and challenges for today's health care organizations and their employees. This article investigates the ways that hospital nurses develop and make sense of their professional roles and organizational environments in a changing and often uncertain managed care setting. The case study approach used in this research combined qualitative methodologies to gain a rich, detailed, and contextual understanding of nurses' work roles and organizational experiences. After an analysis of interviews with 24 nurses and observations of nurses' communicative activities on one inpatient unit, the complexity of sensemaking and role development in a managed care environment is considered. Conclusions are then drawn regarding the theoretical and pragmatic implications of nurses' communicative processes, as they attempted to develop and understand their roles in a changing organizational context.     

对中国武术散打与美国拳击对抗的研究

通过对1998年和1999年两次中国武术散打与美国拳击对抗赛双方比赛结果和我国散打运动员的技术运用统计，分析和探讨中国武术散打如何在今后走向世界的过程中继续保持与发扬自己的优势。     

体育教学中师生交往的研究

本文从体育教师本身、体育教学模式和体育考核模式中分析了当前体育教学中师生交往中所存在的问题 ;从体育教师观念转变、体育教学模式的改变和改革体育考核方法几个方面提出相应的对策。     

美国体操的运作与发展因素分析

通过查阅文献资料、访问调查、数理统计等方法,分析了美国体操的具体运作情况,认为导致美国体操发展的因素主要包括两个方面:政府对体育的优惠政策、体育的商业化运作、“体教结合”的后备力量培养机制以及发达的体育传媒,它们构成了美国体操优越的外在环境;体操的历史背景、教练员机制以及体操协会的良性运作,它们成为促进美国体操发展的内部因素。     

Chaos theory, informational needs, and natural disasters

This study applies chaos theory to a system-wide analysis of crisis communication in a natural disaster. Specifically, we analyze crisis communication during the 1997 Red River Valley flood in Minnesota and North Dakota. This flood, among the worst in modern American history, consumed entire metropolitan areas, displacing thousands of people. The conditions and decisions leading to the disaster, and the subsequent reactions are retraced. Communication related to river crest predictions (fractals), the shock at the magnitude of the crisis (cosmology episode), novel forms of reorganizing (self-organization), and agencies that aided in establishing a renewed order (strange attractors) are evaluated. Ultimately, we argue that preexisting sensemaking structures favoring rationalized, traditional views of a complex system led officials to make inappropriately unequivocal predictions and ultimately diminished the effectiveness of the region's crisis communication and planning.     

美国图书馆协会信息素质研究进展报告简介

198 9年 1月 ,《美国图书馆协会信息素质主席委员会总报告》指出 ,由于社会环境的变化 ,社会应加强对人们的信息素质基础教育。该报告公布至今 ,美国对社会公众的信息素质教育已取得了不小成就     

"The policy exists but you can't really use it": communication and the structuration of work-family policies

Although work-family benefits are increasingly important organizational policies, limited research addresses the impact of communication on benefit utilization. However, communication is significant because the perceived appropriateness of work-family benefits emerges through interaction. For example, when coworkers complain about "picking up the slack" for those using family leave, their discourse may impact future decisions of other workers regarding whether they utilize the work-family benefits available to them. We apply Giddens' (1984) Structuration Theory to examine organizational members' discursive responses to conditions (and contradictions) present in utilizing work-family benefits in a governmental organization. We argue the daily discursive practices of individuals can either reinforce or undermine formally stated work-family initiatives, and in turn discuss the implications of this "structuration" of policy.     

美国、中国体育经纪人之比较研究

通过对美国、中国体育经纪人的内涵、表现出的经纪特点、管理的机制和内容、以及运作方式的比较分析，从美国体育经纪人的经纪过程当中，吸取营养，取得经验，找出我国体育经纪人目前存在的问题，提出解决的方法，为促进我国体育经纪人的发展提供参考。