Educational Research for Policy and Practice in Japan – With Particular Reference to Youth Education

Based upon the Fundamental Law of Education, Japanese school education system has long been a source of pride for the country as a result of the high school participation rate, the homogeneity of compulsory education throughout the country. However, the confidence of the people in its schools is now showing severe signs of strain and fatigue. In recent years, there have been many reports about the growing seriousness of a number of educational problems having to do with young people in their childhood and adolescence. Since the mid-1970s, a number of problems have been highlighted. They include violent behavior, juvenile crimes, bullying, refusal to attend school, dropping out at secondary level of education, and corporal punishment. Against the above background, based on recommendations from such advisory bodies as the Central Council for Education and the National Commission on Education Reform, the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology (MEXT) has adopted a range of policies and launched a series of educational reform programmes. For instance, what is called “Rainbow Plan”, based on the final report submitted by the National Commission on Education Reform, provides the country with basic guidelines for the educational reform in the near future. Roles of educational research for making policies have been of significance. Research initiated by the National Institute for Educational Policy Research (NIER) and the National Federation of Educational Policy Research Institutes (NFERI) is an example of contributions to the development of educational qualities in the country. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

‘The old days of amateurism are over’: the Samaranch revolution and the return of Olympic tennis

Tennis featured in every Olympics from 1896 to 1924, after which disagreements between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) on matters pertaining to organisational control and the amateur eligibility of players led to tennis being removed from the Olympic Games as a full-medal event until the 1988 Seoul Olympics. This paper traces the steps of the sport’s reinstatement, from when efforts commenced in the 1950s, setting this development in the contexts of: broader political movements, shifting IOC leadership, burgeoning commercialisation of Olympic sport, the concomitant push for professionalisation and the declining influence of amateur ideals within both the Olympic movement and international tennis. Under the leadership of the amateur stalwart Avery Brundage, the IOC stymied attempts to facilitate tennis’s re-entry, challenging both the ILTF on failing to deal with widespread ‘sham-amateur’ practices and the avaricious promoters luring amateur players toward the professional ranks. Brundage and the IOC also strongly condemned the move to ‘open’ tennis and an acceptance of full-blown professionalism. Only a change in leadership, firstly with Lord Killanin and then the progressive reformer Juan Antonio Samaranch, did the IOC recognise the value of tennis within the Olympic movement, which by then had itself become increasingly money-oriented.     

世界图书馆事业发展现状概述——记国际图联2010年世界报告

从2001年开始,国际图书馆协会和机构联合会（国际图联）每两年发布一次图书馆世界报告。从2010年的世界报告可以看出,全球图书馆事业有了比较大的进步,但是非洲和欧美国家之间依然存在较大的数字鸿沟。图书馆界普遍认同开放获取,但是没有充分意识到版权法和反恐条例对图书馆和图书馆用户的影响。另外,许多国家不重视图书馆员的职业道德规范教育,国际图联公布的体现图书馆核心价值的宣言没有得到充分的应用,需要加强宣传。     

残疾人联合会与残疾人社会组织的关系定位——论残疾人联合会的社会管理创新

对残疾人联合会(残联)与残疾人社会组织的关系重新定位,将为残联的社会管理创新提供契机,也将为社会组织的发展开拓更大的社会空间。在新时期,残联将社会组织当作合作伙伴,为后者的发展提供资金、人才、资源等方面的支持和帮助,是残联社会管理创新的出发点和增长点。     

国际救灾法:一个正在形成的国际法律部门

国际灾害援助规范虽然不是新近才有的事物,但近些年来重大灾害频发,国际援助规模的扩大和媒体对灾害反应的关注使国际救灾中的协作、灾民的生存状态问题凸显出来.国际社会开始为解决这些问题建立法律机制作出努力,并取得了诸多成果,昭示着一个国际救灾法部门的产生.关于该部门的调整对象,国际法文件对“灾害”往往采用广义定义的方法以便利国际援助的扩大;救灾规范也涵盖到灾前准备和灾后恢复重建阶段.国际救灾法已经形成了一个包括诸多公约、决议和声明、谅解备忘录、行动守则、指南和标准等在内的法律框架,虽然这些规范还缺乏综合性、融贯性.国际救灾法的发展也促进了对这一法律部门研究的兴起.     

“一联四援”助残模式的实践研究

关心残疾人,是社会文明进步的重要标志。以成年残疾人为研究群体,从解决心理、生活基本设施需求与服务,技能就业能力需求与服务,生活保障的就业需求与服务,全面发展的需求与服务等方面入手,探索出"一联四援"的助残模式。     

跨地区的专科性高校数字图书馆联盟研究

以中国高等财经院校图书馆联盟为例,阐述了中国高等财经院校图书馆联盟的建设情况,分析了跨地区的专科性高校数字图书馆联盟存在的问题,最后提出了跨地区的专科性高校数字图书馆联盟的发展策略。     

国际图联《2019年发展与信息获取报告》解读与启示

[目的/意义]对国际图联《2019年发展与信息获取报告》内容加以解读并总结其有益经验,为国内图书馆的实践提供参考。[方法/过程]研读并总结该报告的内容,阐述世界范围内信息获取的进展情况及图书馆促进信息获取的工作实践,进而结合我国图书馆工作现状,提出相应发展建议。[结果/结论]该报告可为我国图书馆的发展带来多方面的启迪,包括推进多元素养教育、积极参与精准扶贫、深化决策咨询服务、加强馆员能力建设。     

谈俄罗斯行政法和行政法学的历史发展

研究俄罗斯联邦行政立法的历史发展,了解俄罗斯联邦行政法的主要内容,有助于我们端正行政法学研究的方向,为我国行政法治建设思考理论依据和可行方案。本文拟研究三大问题:一是苏联解体前的俄罗斯联邦行政法和行政法学,二是苏联解体后的俄罗斯联邦行政法和行政法学,三是俄罗斯联邦行政法和行政法学的发展趋势。     

近代中国教育团体与收回教育权运动

以中华教育改进社等三大教育团体在1924年至1927年中国教育界以反对教会教育、收回反国教会学校为主要内容的收回教育权运动中起了积极的作用,对促进当时中国政府制定有关收回外国教会学校的政策直接产生了推动作用。