Where do you come from,where do you go? Assessing skills gaps and labour market outcomes for young adults with different immigration backgrounds

Using PISA and PIAAC data from twelve OECD countries, we examine the gap in cognitive skills among immigrants and natives and evaluate how those differences have evolved over time. We also consider how demographics, family background and school quality explain the development of cognitive skills of young people with immigrant backgrounds. The results show, first, that some convergence in skills occurs between second-generation immigrants and natives over time. Second, demographics, family background and school quality variables all contribute to the achievement gaps across different groups.     

Mapping migrant vernacular discourses: Mestiza consciousness,nomad thought,and Latina/o/x migrant movement politics in the United States

ABSTRACT

This essay reads the Latina/o/x migrant vernacular discourses that emerge out of pro-migrant activism. Anzaldúa’s notion of mestizaje – a logic of border consciousness – is put into conversation with Deleuze’s notion of nomad thought – a logic of movement – to inform a rhetorical strategy for reading the vernacular archive of social movement discourse. The “No Papers, No Fear” is one such social movement that demonstrate the logic of mestizaje/nomadism in their communication strategies. This study illuminates three tensions that define the ways Latina/o/x migrants in the US navigate the spaces of citizenship: tensions between movement/stasis, migrant identity/national identity, and fear/safety.     

Exploring distancing among Sri Lankan migrants in New Zealand

People who migrate often experience complex inter-connections between their countries of origin and new host societies. This paper explores the ways in which Sri Lankan migrants living in New Zealand navigate distances (geographical, social and relational) between their country of origin (Sri Lanka) and new host nation (New Zealand). To explore such processes we engaged eight Sri Lankan migrant households through repeat interviews, which were enhanced by photo-elicitation, object-related methods, and go-along techniques. Drawing insights from the resulting empirical materials, we document how particular places, such as culturally-textured kitchens, can bridge distances between the two countries. Our analysis also documents how migrant negotiations of distance are dynamic, relational and determined by socio-cultural contexts.     

Years since migration and wellbeing among Indian and Sri Lankan skilled migrants in Australia: Mediating effects of acculturation

The present study investigated language, identity and behavioral acculturation experiences and personal wellbeing among 306 Sri Lankan and Indian skilled migrant employees using a cross-sectional survey. The results indicated that participants were more acculturated to their heritage culture compared to the host culture. The majority of Sri Lankan and Indian skilled migrants were moderately acculturated into Australian society, and were most acculturated in the language dimension, followed by the behavior and identity dimensions respectively. Years since migration predicted overall host acculturation but not overall heritage acculturation. While overall heritage acculturation predicted personal wellbeing, overall host acculturation was a stronger predictor. Testing of a mediation model demonstrated that overall host acculturation fully mediated the relationship between years since migration and wellbeing. Further analysis showed that only host identity and language acculturation, and not host behavior acculturation, mediated the relationship between years since migration and wellbeing. Implications of these findings are discussed.     

Geographic clustering of economic activity: The case of prominent western visual artists

This article compiles original data relating to artists’ place of birth and work migration patterns using various art history dictionaries. The broad historic pattern, from the 13th to the 20th century, of the birth locations of prominent artists is examined, followed by a detailed study of the work migration patterns of prominent artists in two important situations, namely Renaissance Italy and France in part of the 19th century. The evidence indicates a marked clustering of activity of prominent artists, both arising from birth location and migration patterns. Some possible explanations for the observed patterns are briefly outlined.

中国的人力资本投资

本文讨论的是中国的人力资本投资。中国现行的政策更多的是侧重于支持物质资本投资而不是学校教育投资，是侧重于支持城市的人力资本投资而不是农村的人力资本投资。现行的移民政策对移民的孩子们是歧视的。必须确立城市与农村之间、各种类型的投资之间更趋平衡的投资战略。应当鼓励私人资本通过学费和杂费投入到教育中，这样可以弥补政府教育投入的不足，还能够提高学校实现财政自给自足的能力。但是，如果要颁布执行这项政策，就必须同时发展资本市场中的教育资金信贷市场，以帮助那些来自贫困家庭的学生也能够获得接受学校教育的机会。     

论运动素质转移与运动项目迁移的关系* ——以健美操与体育舞蹈、体操为例

运动素质是可以相互转移的,各个运动项目需要的身体素质不尽相同,但他们之间都是可以相互转移的。通过描述了多个运动项目之间的身体素质之间的关系和转移,主要介绍了竞技健美操与体育舞蹈之间素质的转移,说明,每个项目需要的身体素质不同,运动员都要朝着正迁移的方向来进行训练。     

岩石物性对油气成藏过程的控制作用——以塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡为例

岩石物性能够影响和控制油气的运移和聚集过程.依据油藏物理模拟实验结果,我们认为塔里木盆地麦盖提斜坡古油气藏自新近纪上新世末期（大约2.0Ma）至今经历了一次重要的油气动态调整过程,这一过程将该区域在此之前形成的油气藏进行了重要改造,形成了现今油气藏.该区域的古油气藏动态调整与输导层和储层岩石的孔隙度φ密切相关,当岩石的孔隙度φ≤10%时,构成油气运移和聚集中的阻挡边界,油气沿阻挡边界运移,形成构造圈闭和岩性圈闭的复合型油气藏,在麦盖提斜坡群5井以北区域有发育和形成大型油气藏的有利地质条件.     

Autonomy-connectedness, acculturation, and independence-interdependence among various cultural groups in a multicultural society

The present study was aimed at investigating the relationships between autonomy-connectedness and adherence to independent and interdependent values in second-generation Dutch immigrant women with a background in countries labeled as collectivistic, and same-aged indigenous Dutch women (N = 180 and N = 157, respectively). Both groups completed the Autonomy-Connectedness Scale (ACS-30; Bekker & Van Assen, 2006) and the Self-Construal Scale (Singelis, 1994). Additionally, those with an immigrant background filled out the Acculturation Questionnaire (Arends-Tóth & Van de Vijver, 2003). Contrary to expectations, both groups had similar levels of self-awareness, whereas the indigenous Dutch women were - after controlling for educational level - more sensitive to others. In both groups, but even more in the group with an immigrant background, adherence to independent values appeared to contribute substantially and positively to self-awareness as well as capacity for managing new situations, and negatively to sensitivity to others. In addition, adherence to interdependent values contributed, for both groups, positively to sensitivity to others, and, for those with an immigrant background, negatively to self-awareness. The ACS-30 appeared to be useful for assessing autonomy-connectedness in the immigrant groups that participated in the study. The results confirm that a simple distinction between native and immigrant Dutch groups in terms of being self- or other-focused should be rejected, and give rise to further, clinically relevant research questions.     

从萨义德的“驶入的航程”看《北迁的季节》的迁徙与回归

《北迁的季节》是苏丹现实主义作家塔依卜?萨利赫的代表作。萨利赫花了大量笔墨描写从"南"到"北"的迁徙和自"北"向"南"的回归。驶入的航程是对宗主国殖民的一种反抗和报复,但也有可能掉进自己所设的陷阱。任何二元对立的思想都是致命的,无论是报复性的"驶入的航程"还是固守的民族主义都不可取。萨利赫强调的还是两者之间的沟通和对话,既不赞成完全推崇西方文化,也不赞成全盘否定本民族文化,而是立足于本民族前提下的"西学为用"。