暗藏的线索——从地缘政治学角度试析富兰克林·D·罗斯福时期美国外交政策

“地缘政治学”起源于19世纪后期的西欧;19世纪末传入美国,至20世纪40年代起在美国的外交决策中逐步产生影响。在研究富兰克林·D·罗斯福时期美国外交政策的过程中,马汉、麦金德、斯皮克曼等著名地缘政治学家的相关学术理论,恰似一条“暗藏的线索”,帮助我们以新颖的视角,对固有的史实进行审慎的分析;从而认识到:20世纪三四十年代的罗斯福外交是将“威尔逊国际主义”与“地缘政治因素”揉和起来的结果。而“地缘政治学”在美国的传播与发展为其冲破传统上的善意孤立,打开了新的视野并起到了十分重要的“助推”作用。     

为克洛德讨一个公道的说法

克洛德是雨果<巴黎圣母院>中的人物,以往的评论大都把他当作残酷、伪善的反面人物而予以否定.克洛德尽管是一个副主教,但他的的确确是一个活生生的人,他对爱斯密拉达萌发的爱情是真挚专一、无可厚非的.他既是"蜘蛛"又是"苍蝇"的双重性格,决定了他悲惨的命运.克洛德所显示出的认识价值和审美价值是作品中其他人物形象所不能企及的,他是一个具有悲剧价值的艺术典型.     

英国圣保罗大教堂重建时期石材采运研究(1675-1710年)

基于历史档案资料,追述了伦敦大火后英国圣保罗大教堂重建时期石材采运的历史,揭示了各类石材的开采与运输方式、建造中引发的问题,并首次对石材的供应情况进行了定量分析,呈现了石材采运如何成为圣保罗大教堂的重建历时35年之久的主要原因之一。圣保罗大教堂的石材采运问题并非独特案例,同类型的石材在同时期其他建筑中曾被广泛运用,因此对研究那个时代的砖石建筑具有更普遍的参考意义。     

Three Standards of Athletic Superiority

The aim of this paper is to deepen our understanding of the inherent purpose of sports competitions. In ‘On Winning and Athletic Superiority’, Nicholas Dixon states that the central comparative purpose of an athletic contest is to determine which team or player is superior, or, synonymously, to provide an accurate measure of athletic superiority. Dixon identifies athletic skill as the standard of athletic superiority in competitive sport. However, I argue there are three separate standards of athletic superiority: the demonstration of athletic skill, the achievement of prelusory goal using lusory means, and achievement of superior formal result. This stance responds to Dixon’s argument that failed athletic contests are contests that have not fulfilled the central purpose of competitive sport, because they have been undermined by refereeing errors, cheating, gamesmanship or bad luck. I argue that a failed athletic contest occurs when any of the three standards of athletic superiority conflict.     

《分》对《马语者》的超越——《分》之译后感

相较于其成名作《马语者》,尼古拉斯.埃文斯的新书《分》有了较大的超越,它不仅继续深入探讨了家庭关系力学和中年人的婚姻危机,还围绕"分"这个概念字做足了人类族群——恐怖主义、人与自然——环保问题等话题的破与立的文章,在颓废,迷茫,崩裂的散落碎片的基础上通过条分缕析重建生机。     

Historical Resources of the Orthodox Church in America

SUMMARY

Orthodox Christianity has been present in America since the eighteenth century. Starting in Alaska with Russian missionaries, it has now spread to all fifty states. The history of this expansion is reflected in the archival holdings of a number of institutions, the most central of these being the archives of the Orthodox Church in America.     

Gift economies in the development of open source software: anthropological reflections

Building on Eric Raymond’s work this article discusses the motivation and rewards that lead some software engineers to participate in the open source movement. It is suggested that software engineers in the open source movement may have sub-groupings which parallel kinship groups such as lineages. Within such groups gift giving is not necessarily or directly reciprocated, instead members work according to the ‘axiom of kinship amity’—direct economic calculation is not appropriate within the group. What Bourdieu calls ‘symbolic capital’ can be used to understand how people work in order to enhance the reputation (of themselves and their group).     

盲目与洞见——浅析雷蒙德·卡佛《大教堂》的极简主义风格

《大教堂》完整地体现了雷蒙德·卡佛的艺术理念。文本通过重点分析《大教堂》的外在形式与内在构建两方面考察卡佛的小说构思,进而探索这两方面彼此互动所产生的共鸣效应。这种解读方式不仅有助于我们重新理解极简主义小说的艺术特征,更有助于重新反思极简主义思潮的精神品质。     

圣丹尼大教堂何以寂寥

巴黎的圣丹尼大教堂距离巴黎圣母院咫尺之遥,但是游人不多。巴黎圣母院傲居塞纳河中央的西岱岛上,因为雨果的小说而名满天下。圣丹尼大教堂则凝聚着法国的历史,以区区一个教堂的面积,接纳了法国12个世纪的皇家骨值;圣丹尼大教堂还是阿贝拉尔晚年的栖身之地。按说圣丹尼大教堂理应享有伦敦西敏寺和巴黎先贤祠那样在神圣和世俗空间中的崇高地位,它的相对寂寥,当有其地域和文化上的因由。