专利计量的概念、指标及实证——以全球有机电激发光技术相关专利为例

专利计量虽然在1994年才被提出,但是其在经济学、科学计量学等领域产生了广泛的影响.本文试图通过从宏观、中观、微观三个层次分别构建了专利计量的指标体系,并通过对全球有机电激发光技术领域的相关专利进行了详细地计量分析研究,主要对该领域机构进行了综合评价,分析了其年代分布、国际专利号分布、高被引专利分布等方面,并且对拥有高被引专利的机构进行了共引分析和可视化分析.得出该领域最具竞争力的研究机构、最早的公开专利、在中国的专利布局、研究机构之间相互关系等结论和启示.希望本文以对我国专利计量研究提供有益的参考.     

Impact of Facility Renewal Deferment on Risk to Royal British Columbia Museum,Canada, Collections

ABSTRACT

The Royal British Columbia Museum (RBCM), Canada, houses a collection of almost 7 million artifacts, archival records, and natural history specimens. Three comprehensive collection risk assessments over the past decade have resulted in improvements to the physical environments of the collections as well as new policies and procedures to reduce risk. However, there remain ongoing risks that can only be mitigated through major facility renewal. The last collection risk assessment, completed in 2016, was revisited to review the data and build a defensible case for funding to replace the RBCM's on-site collection storage facilities. Changes to overall collections risk is a complex function of collection development and use trends, evolving risk factors both internal and external to the museum, a growing understanding of the relationship between risks and preservation, in addition to reduction due to risk mitigation projects and building systems aging and wearing out. A defensible method for illustrating the facilities-related risks over time involves estimating the expected loss of individual collection items or loss in value of a group of items that may occur if a major facility upgrade or redevelopment is not realized in the near future. Risk assessment data for representative collection units were reviewed to differentiate risk due to permanent facility characteristics versus more active controls, operations budget controlled risk versus capital budget controlled risk, and collection management-controlled risk versus facility management-controlled risk. This enabled the risk model to isolate risks that could only be mitigated through major facility upgrades. Change in collection value was expressed as Object Equivalents Lost (OEL) and its compliment Object Equivalents Remaining (OER). Projections into the future indicating the effect of varying facility renewal dates could then be clearly shown. Losses, when presented as numbers of items expected to be lost from the collection, become emotionally salient to persons in senior management and governance roles.