中国古代丝绸之路地区民族体育文化新探

从价值观、自然条件、经济方式、社会体制等方面讨论了中国古代丝绸之路地区民族体育的文化模式及类型,指出了它的独特性.     

丝绸之路陇右文化与唐代长安体育的繁荣

以詹代丝绸之路的体育文化交流为背景，探讨了陇右文化对詹代长安体育的影响。研究认为，陇右与周、秦、詹王朝的历史渊源造就了詹代三秦文化社会劲悍尚武的民族精神，文化的二元结构使陇右地区成为华夏与城外体育文化的熔炉，实现了异质体育文化的本土化过程；陇右繁荣的体育文化是詹代体育的有机构成，对中华民族传统体育的形成具有重要的意义。     

Consolidation of Black-dyed Māori Textile Artefacts: Evaluating the Efficacy of Sodium Alginate

Black-dyed artefacts are found in museums worldwide, many produced using an iron-tannate compound. Deterioration of iron-tannate dyed artefacts is an international preservation issue: in New Zealand the deterioration of paru (iron-tannate) dyed Māori textiles is widespread. This article reports experimental work testing the efficacy of sodium alginate, a consolidant developed for deteriorated paru-dyed muka (fibre from harakeke; Phormium tenax). The colour stability, strength retention, and acidity of paru-dyed muka consolidated with sodium alginate (0.25, 0.5, and 1% w/v in water) was tested pre- and post-artificial light ageing. This study found that sodium alginate had no negative effect on paru-dyed muka and in some cases provided benefit. Interestingly, the colour of paru-dyed muka is substantially more stable in UV-filtered light than previously recognised. Also microfading results were in agreement with visual assessments of colour change at 1 Mlux hour exposure, providing confidence in this relatively new technique to assess colour change.     

Walking and biologic ageing: Evidence based on NHANES telomere data

ABSTRACT

The length of telomeres is an objective measure of biologic ageing. This study evaluated the extent minutes of walking per week are associated with leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in a random sample of 5,823 U.S. adults. The investigation was cross-sectional and data were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). LTL was measured by the quantitative polymerase chain reaction method. Walking minutes was calculated from walking frequency and duration measures. Results showed that for each year of chronological age, telomeres were 15.6 base pairs shorter (P < 0.0001). With walking minutes and LTL treated as continuous variables, the relationship was quadratic, not linear (F = 11.2, P = 0.0023). With walking time divided into three categories, adults who performed ≥ 150 minutes of walking per week had longer telomeres than those who did no regular walking, and those who did some, but less than the recommendation (F = 5.0, P = 0.0137). Regular walkers were estimated to have a biologic ageing advantage associated with 6.5–7.6 years less biologic ageing compared to non-walkers, after adjusting for covariates. Additional investigations designed to study causality and the mechanisms associated with the walking and LTL relationship are needed.     

披帛与丝路文化交流

披帛是通过丝绸之路传入中国的西亚文化,与中国服饰发展的内因相结合而流行开来的一种"时世妆"的形式。沿丝绸之路所发现的披帛,反映了丝绸贸易的活跃。敦煌、吐鲁番地区发掘的披帛与中原地区特别是唐长安地区出土的披帛几乎相同,属于同时代的产物,经历了一个相互继承、汲取而发展的过程。     

Technical analysis of a Central Asian wall painting detached from a Buddhist cave temple on the northern Silk Road

A great number of Central Asian wall paintings, archeological materials, architectural fragments, and textiles, as well as painting fragments on silk and paper, make up the so called Turfan Collection at the Asian Art Museum in Berlin. The largest part of the collection comes from the Kucha region, a very important cultural center in the third to ninth centuries. Between 1902 and 1914, four German expeditions traveled along the northern Silk Road. During these expeditions, wall paintings were detached from their original settings in Buddhist cave complexes. This paper reports a technical study of a wall painting, existing in eight fragments, from the Buddhist cave no. 40 (Ritterhöhle). Its original painted surface is soot blackened and largely illegible. Grünwedel, leader of the first and third expeditions, described the almost complete destruction of the rediscovered temple complex and evidence of fire damage. The aim of this case study is to identify the materials used for the wall paintings. Furthermore, soot deposits as well as materials from conservation interventions were of interest. Non-invasive analyses were preferred but a limited number of samples were taken to provide more precise information on the painting technique. By employing optical and scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, micro X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and Raman spectroscopy, a layer sequence of earthen render, a ground layer made of gypsum, and a paint layer containing a variety of inorganic pigments were identified.     

丝素改性胶原膜的肝素化

以1-(3-二甲氨基丙基)-3-乙基碳二亚胺(简称EDCI)为缩合剂对丝素改性胶原膜进行了肝素固定化,用X光电子能谱分析了材料的表面性质. 测定了固定化肝素的量并研究了固定化肝素的稳定性. 结果表明固定化肝素量为2.34μg/cm-2,体外释放试验表明肝素量虽有下降但有较好的稳定性.     

Later life learning experiences: listening to the voices of Chinese elders in Hong Kong

Abstract

Governments’ anxieties about ageing populations are mostly concerned with the costs of welfare, care and health provision which all have to be paid for by an ever dwindling working population. However, research in later life learning indicates the significant role that lifelong learning can play in promoting mental well-being and resilience, and in assisting with maintaining personal self-confidence and self-coping strategies that prevent cognitive decline in an ageing population. This paper draws on the research with a group of Chinese elders in Hong Kong, who provide information about their experiences and views on learning in later life, including the meaning of learning, barriers to participation, learning interests, needs, motivations, and instructional preferences. Both quantitative and qualitative findings are reported to shed light on later life learning experiences, which contribute to the global understanding of later life learning and serve to inform the development of policy and practice geared to the planning and provision of opportunities to keep learning at the later stages of life.     

丝绸之路申报世界遗产的理论与实践

在文献调研的基础上,本文将丝绸之路申报世界遗产的过程划分为理论探索阶段(从上世纪80年代末到2005年10月)和实施阶段(从2005年11月起)。从三个方面总结了理论探索阶段的工作:1.丝绸之路的传统研究、非物质文化遗产研究和环境研究;2.文化路线的研究;3.丝绸之路申遗的方法学研究。实施阶段从2005年11月开始,作为系列申报的第一个群集,我们乐观地期望丝绸之路中国和中亚段的文化遗产能于2010年列入世界遗产名录。     

体育教学的教学节奏

在体育教学过程中，为了实现教学目标，教师采取一定“教”的方式，学生也要在教师指导下采取相应的“学”的方式．体育教学中的教学节奏体现了教师主导和学生主体的作用，体育教学中的教学节奏对运动技术、技能的形成和发展有重要作用。