从光的衍射看光的直线传播及像质问题

光的衍射有近场衍射和远场衍射两种情形.近场衍射如小孔成像,当孔的尺寸比较大时,光线沿着直线传播,当孔小到一定程度,光线偏离了直线传播发生衍射,孔越小,衍射越显著,物体的几何像失去了清晰的轮廓,而且在边缘附近出现一系列明暗相间的条纹,从而影响了成像的质量;远场衍射如望远镜、显微镜,在物镜的像面上形成的几何像点由于衍射效应变成了一系列的衍射斑,衍射斑重叠越多,像越不清晰,严重影响了成像的质量,使得光学成像仪器的像分辨本领也有了限制.     

Investigation of an Egyptian Mummy board by Using Clinical Multi-slice Computed Tomography

A modern approach to the diagnosis of artistic heritage makes use of non-destructive techniques which avoid damage to artworks or signs of interaction with the analytical technique used. For this reason, today, the employment of X-rays to study artistic heritage is quite widespread. Computed tomography (CT) Imaging was first used as specialized medical diagnostic tool in the early 1970s. Today, CT scanners have become more common, and non-destructive three-dimensional imaging has found an increasing number of uses in different areas such as materials research, geology, archaeology, and museum conservation. In this work, a new generation of clinical CT (based on the Dual Energy and multi-slice acquisition principle) is used to investigate an Egyptian wooden mummy board with a total acquisition time of 93.23 seconds and a voxel size of 0.078?×?0.078?×?1.5?mm. The use of two distinct techniques of image post-processing, the two-dimensional multi-planar reconstruction (MPR) and the three-dimensional volume rendering technique (VRT) allowed us to: evaluate the state of conservation of the mummy board, determine how the wooden object was implemented, recognize a nineteenth-century intervention of consolidation, and advance the hypothesis that the wooden planks were reused. In particular, we highlight the use of the cardiovascular and pulmonary filter with VRT reconstruction, which allows a virtual elimination of different parts of the mummy board to investigate those areas otherwise accessible only by removing parts of the board and thus damaging the work.     

宽度不等的夫琅和费双缝衍射图样

分析宽度不等的夫琅和费双缝衍射，得出其衍射光强分布图及衍射图样的特点。     

菲涅耳圆孔衍射轴线上光强分布的一种计算方法

利用惠更斯——菲涅耳原理研究菲涅耳圆孔衍射轴线上的光强分布规律及其解析表达式,可以得到半波带法和矢量图解法的一般结论。     

Measurement of conversion efficiency of soft X-ray from 0.35μm laser-irradiated aluminum planar targets

Conversion efficiency of soft X-ray from 0.35 μm pulse laser-irradiated aluminium planar target at laser intensities 10¹³–10¹⁵ W/cm² on the Xingguang-II facility (laser energy 5–90 J, focal spot ⊃ Ф 200 μm full width of half maximun (FWHM) 400–800 ps) was measured. A simple model was given to explain soft X-ray conversion efficiency. In this model, because of the heat conduction from the laser-heated spot, the conversion was very small at lower irradiance limit, while at higher limit it was bounded by the energy lost in blow off plasma. Consequently, at the laser intensity around 2×10¹⁴ W/cm², the X-ray conversion efficiency reaches a maximum. Project suppoted by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Foundation (Grant No. T0104), and Science Foundation of Shanghai Municipal Commission of Education (Grant No. 214680)     

用高斯光束单丝衍射来监测拉丝工艺中的细丝直径

提出一种用动态法测细丝直径的方法。用微机配合可以监测拉丝工艺中的细丝直径,精度在5％以内。     

单缝夫琅和费衍射光强分布的推导

根据惠更斯-菲涅耳原理，利用级数求和的方法，推导单缝夫琅和费衍射的光强分布。该方法简单、直观，充分体现了惠更斯-菲涅耳原理的物理思想，有助于更好地认识和理解单缝夫琅和费衍射的实质。     

单模光纤光栅型分波器的近轴分析

对渐变折射率棒透镜和衍射光栅构成的单模光纤分波器的近轴分析,得到了分波方程.对确定的工作波长,根据分波方程选择渐变折射率棒透镜和衍射光栅参数,已制成了二波长和四波长分波器.实验与计算结果符合得很好.同理,也可以分析合波器.     

超声光栅测量溶液中超声声速与浓度关系研究

在室温条件下,对不同浓度的食盐(NaCl)和蔗糖(C12H22O11)溶液在超声光栅中形成的光栅光谱进行测量,并运用线性回归方法详细研究了超声波声速与溶液浓度的关系。两种溶液中的测量数据显示,在溶液达到饱和前超声波声速随溶液浓度的增加单调递增,显现出良好的线性关系;达到饱和后超声波声速则为常数。线性拟合表明,两种溶液中声速相对浓度的线性关系成立的置信概率都很高。从影响超声波传播速度最主要的因素——分子或离子浓度分析解释了NaCl溶液中,线性关系更为完美、溶液浓度的改变对超声波声速的影响也更加剧烈的原因。     

柴油机喷雾特性的电喷控制电路设计

介绍了一种柴油机电控喷油器喷射开启控制系统。为实现柴油机电控喷油器的开启、持续喷油、关闭功能,应用STC12系列单片机构成电控喷油器的控制系统。开启时为使喷油器开启迅速,应用单周期控制技术的IR1150S芯片,产生高压为112 V的高压电源为喷油器供电。试验结果表明,开发的柴油机电控喷油器控制系统符合X光相衬成像技术研究柴油机喷雾雾化机理的要求,喷油开启迅速、喷油持续稳定、关闭干脆。本系统根据设定可实现电控喷油器的单次及多次连续开启,进一步可以推广应用于柴油机喷油器相关环节教学实验中。