欧盟开放科学实践体系分析及启示

[目的/意义] 开放科学是由一系列的战略规划和措施组成的实践体系。考察欧盟开放科学实施情况,为我国开放科学运动的开展提供切实可行的参考。[方法/过程] 通过网络调研法和内容分析法,从战略规划、实施路径两方面调研和分析欧盟开放科学实践体系。[结果/结论] 欧盟开放科学实践体系体现了开放科学的整体观,具有高度集成性及灵活性,并在不断地优化和完善。我国应将开放科学计划上升到国家层面,以战略规划和政策为指导,通过建设统一的数字基础设施,开展开放科学技能培训,建立下一代科学计量体系和协同工作机制,确保开放科学实践体系的完整性和协调性。     

数字地球：十五年发展与前瞻

“数字地球”理念产生至今已走过15年历程。以1999年和2009年分别发表的《数字地球北京宣言》为里程碑,数字地球科学技术发展纲领不断得到完善。人类正利用数字地球技术深入地认识地球、理解地球,进而合理开发和利用人类赖以生存的地球资源。7次国际数字地球会议和4次数字地球峰会的召开成功打造国际学术交流平台,促进全球发展。2012年,新一代数字地球理念应运而生,“数字地球”被赋予了新的理解与诠释,新一轮数字地球研究热潮正兴起,全球科技合作新模式将逐步建立。回顾历史,中国在应对数字地球带来的挑战方面是积极并卓有成效的。特别是在中科院的主导下,国际数字地球学会的建立,《国际数字地球学报》的创刊,中科院数字地球重点实验室的建立,数字地球科学平台的研发等,在全球数字地球发展历程中起到了重要的引领作用。面向未来,在大数据时代和数据密集型科学背景下,本文提出开展数字地球2030研究。     

Pride and Challenges for Information Management Through the Centuries: The Online Version of the Jagiellonian Library Old Catalog (Up to 1949)

The article discusses the Jagiellonian Library's scanned version of its catalog of books published up to 1949. This case study analyzes the issue of information management in light of the history of the catalog from 1802 onwards and the process of making the catalog accessible via the Internet. It examines the consequences of the decision to scan the catalog on the various library departments' current procedures, as well as on library users.     

Romani Language: Cataloging Ramifications for a Language in the Process of Standardization

In this article, the author discusses issues related to the cataloging of a language, Romani (or Romany), which is only in the twenty-first century beginning to achieve some degree of standardization. In his discussion, the author focuses on issues of Romani orthography, specifically a small number of unusual Unicode characters that may cause technical problems in certain automated cataloging environments, such as OCLC WorldCat, the OCLC cataloging client Connexion, and online library catalogs.     

Karol Estreicher (1827–1908) and his Bibliografia polska: Negotiating a National Bibliography in Nineteenth-Century Poland

Karol Estreicher (1827–1908) compiled Bibliografia polska [Polish bibliography], an extraordinary retrospective national bibliography of the body of written works of Poland. Chronologically covering the entire history of printing in Poland up to 1900, it consisted of three distinct parts: the nineteenth century; a universal chronological bibliography of Polish publications; and pre-nineteenth century, conventionally called Bibliografia staropolska [Bibliography of old Poland]. So far a total of 56 volumes of Bibliografia polska have been published. That total includes the 35 volumes that constitute parts 1, 2, and 3; the four volumes that, covering 1891–1900, were published outside the framework of the three parts; and the seventeen volumes that constitute the second edition of part 1, the nineteenth-century bibliography. It was an exhaustive but also complicated bibliographic opus. A prolific writer and literary scholar himself, Estreicher devoted—with remarkable endurance and resilience—50 years of his life to its making. Much of the complexity of his bibliography reflected the cultural and intellectual roots of the author and the way he interpreted the meaning of his project.     

Here Today,Gone Tomorrow: The Vicissitudes of Vendor/Library Relations in the Slavic and East European Book Trade

ABSTRACT

This paper discusses the transformations in the Slavic and East European book trade in the 1990s. Among the challenges these changes pose to Slavic librarians are a profusion of new vendors, very small print runs, and a general breakdown in bibliographic control throughout the region. It argues that vigilant and timely selection is critical in order to obtain materials before they go out of print. Cultivating direct relationships with vendors both in North America and in the region is also required in order to continue to build Slavic collections successfully. It also considers the performance of English language approval plan vendors, electronic vs. print, and the ominous implications that the trend toward mergers and economies of scale hold for library collections.     

CATALOGING NEWS

No abstract available for this article.     

Name Disambiguation—Learning From More User-Friendly Models

Library catalogs do not provide catalog users with the assistance they need to easily and confidently select the person they are interested in. Examples are provided of Web services that do a better job of helping information seekers differentiate the person they are seeking from those with similar names. Some of the reasons for this failure in library catalogs are examined. This article then looks at how much information is necessary to help users disambiguate names, how that information could be captured and shared, and some ways the information could be displayed in library catalogs.     

Consortial Cataloging Guidelines for Electronic Resources: I-Share Survey and Recommendations

In 2009, the Consortium of Academic and Research Libraries in Illinois (CARLI) charged a task force to update and revise recommendations that address cataloging practice and catalog access to electronic resources for libraries participating in the I-Share union catalog. This article presents the results of a survey and recommendations developed by the 2009 Task Force that cover all types of e-resources. Issues covered include: single or separate records for electronic and print versions of a title; the use of aggregator-neutral and provider neutral records; the construction and placement of the Uniform Resource Locator (URL) and notes; and the use of vendor records.