Intercultural contacts and acculturation resources among International students in Australia: A mixed-methods study

This paper explores the impact of acculturation conditions, orientations and outcomes on international students in Australia’s tertiary education sector. Specifically, we investigate the factors that facilitate or hinder acculturation of international students within a multidimensional acculturation context (Arends-Tóth & van de Vijver, 2006). We used a sequential exploratory mixed-methods design in two studies to investigate acculturation of international students at an Australian university and test how these factors are related to psychological and sociocultural outcomes. In Study 1, we conducted a generic qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with a conventional content analyses approach,which compared the experiences of international students who on average had high numbers of positive experiences versus those who had high numbers of negative experiences. We found that a support network of mixed-nationals, and especially host locals, facilitates positive psychological and sociocultural adjustment, and buffers acculturative stress. Study 2 quantitatively tested the association of factors found in Study 1 (perceived stereotypes, intercultural and ethnic network/resources) with psychological and sociocultural acculturation outcomes. Study 2, shows that perceived negative stereotypes loosen ties with the dominant (host) culture and reinforces ties with the ethnic (non-host) culture. The social resources associated with either culture was found to be useful for acculturation, with both independently contributing to participant well-being. Contact with host locals played a particularly crucial role in developing these resources. Our findings provide foundations for pragmatic policy implications, suggesting value in the development of formally organized contact programs in the early sojourn experience of international students.     

0-6岁儿童非言语交流发展的初步研究

本研究通过分析 3 0名 0 -6岁正常儿童 (1 1个年龄组 )在自然场景中交流活动的录像资料 ,探索了 0 -6岁儿童非言语交流发展的规律。研究发现 (1 ) 0 -6岁儿童非言语交流的发展可以分为 3个阶段。 2岁以前 (包括 2岁 ) :儿童已经形成并掌握了基本的交流技能 ;2 -4.5岁左右 ,儿童运用非言语交流方式表达的交流功能渐趋丰富 ;4.5 -6岁 ,儿童运用各种非言语交流方式表达的人际交流功能减少 ,保留回应和给予讯息两项基本功能 ;(2 )儿童表达提问讯息和拒绝的非言语交流可能与口语发展有关。     

浅谈跨文化交往中非言语交际的文化对比

非言语交际中身势语部分的目光语、手势语以及副语言范畴中的体距行为和空间有着明显的文化差异。同有声语言相比较，人体语言具有独特的可靠性、隐喻性、言简意赅性以及强烈的感染力和吸引力。     

论跨文化非语言交际中的空间因素

隶尾于非语言交际中的人的空间观念是后天习得的。因此，人们的领地要求和空间关系在每种文化中都有其特有规则和程序。文化不同，人们对空间的需求与空间有关的交际规则也不同，极易造成跨文化非语言交际障碍。研究跨文化非语言交际中的空间因素，有助于跨文化非语言交际顺利进行，从而推动文化间的交流与合作。     

教师的非语言符号传播

非语言符号是人类传播活动的重要工具，了解教师的非语言符号在传播过程中的特点及其作用，旨在提高教育、教学质量。     

外语教师非语言交际运用的研究

外语教师在课堂上运用非语言交际能活跃课堂，达到理想的教学效果，本文阐述了外语教师如何在课堂上运用体态语，副语言、客体语和环境语进行教学的方法。     

论非语言行为的语义特征

非语言交际是不用词语的交际 ,是在特定的情景或语境中使用非语言行为交流和理解信息的过程。非语言行为形式众多 ,内容丰富 ,地域性强 ,民族文化背景制约着非语言行为的内涵。非语言行为既有先天本能性 ,又有后天习得性 ;既有自觉性 ,又有不自觉性 ;既有确切含义的 ,也有示意模糊的 ;既有语境敏感性、多义性 ,又有同义性和反义性。     

非语言行为在外语教学中的作用

本文讨论了非语言交际在以学生为中心的交际英语教学中的积极作用。基于第二语言习得与第二语言教学间的关系，作者希望外语教师有学生更加关注外语教学中的非语言信息，实践跨文化交际。     

How students perceive teachers’ nonverbal and verbal communication at agricultural universities in Austria,Slovenia and Albania

Purpose: This study attempts to close the research gap created by the fact that existing studies neglect the problem of how effectively agricultural professors from different European countries communicate. The aim is to identify similarities and differences in the numbers of agricultural professors perceived by students as engaging in verbal and nonverbal immediacy communication.

Methodology: An online survey was conducted among students of agricultural universities from Austria, Slovenia and Albania.

Findings: The results show that professors of agriculture from Austria, Slovenia and Albania should generally not be satisfied with their own communication patterns and should thus try to improve their communication. The result also reveals cultural differences in the shares of agriculture professors employing different communication patterns in Austria, Slovenia and Albania. Compared to Austrian and Slovenian students, their Albanian peers perceive that most of their professors use nonverbal immediacy communication. According to Austrian students, the majority of their professors use verbal immediacy. On the contrary, Albanian students assessed that some of their professors employ verbal immediacy.

Practical Implications: The results show the professors of agriculture should improve the way they communicate to students. In particular, the Albanian professors should improve their verbal communication especially in terms of providing timely and quality feedback to students.

Theoretical implications: The study reveals differences in immediacy communication among countries (Austria, Slovenia and Albania) which the scientific literature considers to have a high-context culture.

Originality/Value: Given that no study has yet examined how students perceive professors’ communication in different European countries, this research helps understand the characteristics of agricultural professors’ communication.     

Racial contacts across the Pacific and the creation of minzoku in the Japanese empire

Focusing on the work of the Japanese sociologist Koyama Eizō, this paper critically explores the development of Japanese race studies from the late 1920s to the 1940s. During this period, Japanese intellectual discourses on race developed in the context of the need to manage heterogeneous populations within the Japanese empire and contain the growing mobility of populations in and outside of the territory. Reflecting Koyama’s keen interest in racial/ethnic contacts and interdisciplinary perspectives, his intellectual work symptomatically exemplifies not only the convergence of knowledge production and the dominant imperial regime but also the transpacific implications of Japanese race studies. On the one hand, my study examines Koyama’s preoccupation with racial/ethnic contacts in relation to imperial security and also traces how his study intersected with the discourse of American social scientists who were also interested in Japanese migrations. On the other hand, the study examines how the development of the idea of minzoku in Koyama’s discourse coincided with contemporaneous attempts to mobilize diverse populations in the empire. Thus, my research reveals a complex dynamic of integration and differentiation in discourse on Japanese race studies in the interwar era.