隐性知识超社会化共享路径与机理研究——知识属性挖掘与共享案例及事例分析

传统社会化理论为隐性知识共享提供了基本路径,但现实中的共享实践对其提出了挑战。从隐性知识本质属性分析了其共享的社会化过程,表现为对共享主体、交互方式、实践行为、特定情境的高度依赖;以案例和事例为依据,提炼出隐性知识共享的同时空直接面对面、跨区域虚拟面对面、错时空面对面、复合式面对面等四种社会化类型,并阐述各种复杂共享过程;最后整合性构建了隐性知识"超社会化共享路径"新理论,指出其存在的合理性和价值性,并运用系统科学理论揭示了共享涌现机理。超社会化拓展了传统社会化理论,实现了"人—技术工具—特定情境"的有机结合,可使隐性知识在更大范围、更多情境下有效共享。     

The early career paths of UK-educated intra-European mobile graduates

Students and graduates alike are encouraged to enhance their skills and knowledge by moving to a different European country as both national governments and European institutions anticipate individual skill gains, closer European networks and a boost to national economies as a result. Using data from a longitudinal survey, this paper follows UK-educated intra-European mobile graduates from undergraduate courses into employment, further study or other activities, and compares their early pathway with graduates who remained in the UK (UK stayer). UK-educated mobile graduates are divided into three groups according to their residency and location after their undergraduate course: UK nationals moving to a different European country (UK movers); nationals of other European countries returning to their home country (returners); and nationals of other European countries moving to a third European country (other mobile graduates). Empirical findings show that mobility for UK movers is mainly employment-driven whilst mobility of returners and other mobile graduates is education-driven. However, if employed, UK-educated mobile graduates are more likely to work in skill-appropriate occupations compared to UK stayers. The transition to either employment or further study of most UK-educated mobile graduates does not take longer compared to UK stayers.     

低碳经济下产业技术链演进中知识创新螺旋及路径研究

在对产业技术链的定义及特征进行分析的基础上,分析了低碳经济下产业技术链的作用及知识创新的类型,结合低碳经济发展中低碳技术创新的现实需求,分析了进行知识创新的必要性;并从系统内部及外部角度分析低碳经济下产业技术链的知识螺旋及知识创新结构,最后给出了低碳经济下产业技术链中的知识创新路径。本文的研究将为低碳经济下产业技术的知识创新提供一定的指导。     

Contextualising the career pathways of women principals in Hong Kong: a critical examination

The fields of gender and educational leadership have been enriched recently by analyses of national case studies from non-western contexts. By contextualising women’s career development, these studies highlight the importance of including experiences other than those generated from Anglo-American-Australian contexts, thus broadening our knowledge base for more nuanced theorisation in the field. This paper contributes a close examination of the career histories of eight female primary school principals in Hong Kong. Our analyses identify a range of facilitators, including the expansion of promotion opportunities, strong values placed on education and training, professional encouragement and support and help in relieving family responsibilities. Valuable these factors may be, but we argue that they are incidental, informal, familial and individual, and incur the costs of burn-out and guilt. The discussion not only underlines the significance of case study and cultural and contextual specificities, it also provides a nuanced understanding of Chinese patriarchy.     

Post-school transitions in Ireland: a case study of Russian-speaking students

ABSTRACT

This article examines the post-school pathways of Russian-speaking students in Ireland after completing secondary education; the importance of personal and institutional factors in shaping their transition process, and the role of parents and schools in achieving the post-school goals. The article draws on the qualitative exploratory study of 14 Russian-speaking migrant-origin students, to see how this group progresses beyond secondary schooling in the Irish education system. The study found that all participants had high educational aspirations. Most students achieved their desired first-choice post-school pathway, despite coming from a different linguistic and cultural background. The article points to a range of factors, which affect the post-school transition of migrant young people. The findings are discussed in light of Ireland’s liberal welfare state model with neo-liberal tendencies where those in positions of power can buy into the advantages of the more neo-liberal side of the regime.     

Do educational pathways contribute to equity in tertiary education in Australia?

A key assumption of equity policies in Australia, as in many countries, is that pathways from lower-status, vocationally oriented ‘second’ tiers of tertiary education to ‘first’ tier higher education are able to act as an equity mechanism. This is because students from low socio-economic backgrounds are over-represented in former and underrepresented in the latter. The assumption that pathways support equity is tested in this paper through an analysis of the socio-economic profile and institutional destination of student transfers from vocational education and training to higher education in Australia. It finds that educational pathways deepen participation in education by existing social groups but do not effectively widen participation for groups that do not have equitable access. This is as a consequence of the hierarchical structuring of qualifications within VET as well as in higher education.     

Longitudinal Pathways From Math Intrinsic Motivation and Achievement to Math Course Accomplishments and Educational Attainment

Abstract

Across 20 years, pathways from math intrinsic motivation and achievement (ages 9–17) to high school math course accomplishments and educational attainment (age 29) were analyzed. Academic intrinsic motivation was the theoretical foundation. To determine how initial status and change in motivation and achievement related to course accomplishments and educational attainment, a latent curve model was fit to data from the Fullerton Longitudinal Study. Levels of motivation and achievement at 9 had positive, direct, and mutually indirect paths to course accomplishments. Dual declines in motivation and achievement related to course accomplishments, directly for achievement, and indirectly for motivation via achievement. Greater decline corresponded to fewer course accomplishments which in turn predicted, and served as a mediator to educational attainment. Implications are discussed.     

植物抗病的物质代谢基础

植物在其与痛原物相互关系长期进化过程中,通过各种代谢途径在体内可以形成各种抵抗病原物有关的物质。这包括植物凝集素、富含羟脯氨酸的糖蛋白、胼胝质、类黄酮和萜类植保素、过氧化物酶、几丁质酶(chitinease)和1,3-β-葡聚糖酶、病程相关蛋白和水杨酸等等。寄主植物细胞壁在感染病原菌后的木质化作用-木质素含量的增加是寄主植物抗性反应的一种特性,为阻止病原菌的进一步侵染提供保护圈。苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL),肉桂酸-4-羟化酶(CA4H)和4-香豆酸-CoA联结酶(4CL)是苯丙烷代谢途径的关键酶。这三个酶的活性在植物体内的变化与植物的抗病性存在一定的联系。水杨酸的Mr小,适宜于植物韧皮部中的长距离传输,被认为是植物诱导抗性的信号分子。     

台湾地区师范院校的国际化转型及其路径选择

高等教育国际化作为从院校和政府层面出发应对全球一体化挑战的积极主动过程,其实施的路径主要分为国内国际化(本土国际化)和国外国际化。不同国家(地区)的高等院校在进行转型过程中的国际化路径选择和具体举措受到政府政策和资金投入导向、院校自身发展定位、国际化起点水平等因素的影响。台湾地区师范院校在面临着转型的关键时期,不约而同地选择了国际化作为突破点,其过程曲折反复而又具鲜明特点,其经验值得大陆师范院校在实施国际化发展时借鉴和参考。