叶下珠提取方法的研究概况

以国内发表的相关文献为依据,综述了叶下珠提取实验的溶剂选择、提取方法及化学成分的分离和测定方法等方面的研究成果,基于文献中有机溶剂的普遍使用,提出了实验过程应体现绿色化学理念的观点。     

催化裂化油浆复配溶剂精制分离工艺研究

以兰州石化公司炼油厂催化裂化油浆为原料,以糠醛和正辛烷复配剂为分离溶剂,将油浆中的饱和烃和稠环芳烃分离。考察了萃取温度、停留时间、质量溶剂比和萃取级数对精制油收率和性质的影响。实验结果表明,在萃取温度为60℃,停留时间为30min,质量溶剂比为2.5:1,萃取级数为3级时,油浆中的饱和烃和多环芳香烃的分离效果较好。精制油中饱和烃的含量高达75%以上,且所得精制油具有较好的催化裂化性能,液体收率达76%,提取油可作为芳香型橡胶填充油的调和组分。     

室温离子液体及其在绿色化学中的应用

室温离子液体作为一种新型的绿色溶剂,受到了广泛的关注。本文系统介绍了室温离子液体的性质、制备及其在环保方面的应用。     

Combination of a Liquid-Dispensing and Micro-Aspiration Device for the Cleaning of Sensitive Painted Surfaces

Many painted surfaces, not necessarily only those with a contemporary binding media, display high sensitivity to water. The resulting damage, including swelling, leaching out of some components, even partial solubility, may lead to a shrunken, impoverished, de-plasticized, more porous paint film. Different approaches to the cleaning of such surfaces have been developed throughout the years, as awareness of this sensitivity grew worldwide. Some deal with the proper physico-chemical conditions of the aqueous solutions, and others with the proper ways of delivering these solutions to the surface. The strategy proposed in this technical note is concerned with the latter, the application stage, and is based on the combined and simultaneous use of a device capable of delivering a constant, precise amount of the aqueous cleaning solution and a surgical micro-aspirator to immediately remove the soiled solution from the surface and speed up its drying. Also, using a different apparatus, non-polar solvents can be delivered, for cleaning surfaces contaminated by non-polar, more lipophilic soiling materials.     

有机溶剂对猪红细胞SOD的活力与构象影响

以猪血为材料,以超氧化歧化酶（简称SOD,EC 1.15.1.1）为研究对象.经有机溶剂沉淀法得SOD酶液,研究甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、N,N-二甲基甲酰胺（DMF）、二氧六环等有机溶剂对SOD活力影响,结果表明：甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、DMF对酶活均表现为低浓度激活,但随有机溶剂浓度升高,对酶的激活能力下降甚至转为抑制作用;而二氧六环对酶活表现为激活作用.用荧光光谱法进一步研究甲醇、正丙醇、二氧六环对酶构象的影响,结果显示三种有机溶剂的存在均引起酶构象的改变.     

苦参总碱中残留溶剂三氯甲烷测定

目的：建立苦参总碱中三氯甲烷残留的检测方法：方法：采用气相色谱顶空进样法。以DB-WAX（或极性相近）为固定液;起始温度为60℃,维持6分钟,再以每分钟15℃的速率升温至180℃,维持5min;进样口温度为220℃,检测器温度为250℃。结果：各个峰的分离效果好,三氯甲烷浓度在12.2~1217.6 ug·mL-1的范围内呈良好的线性关系（r=0.9978）,平均回收率为98.16%。结果与结论：采用本法分离度较好,灵敏度高、重现性好,可以作为苦参总碱中三氯甲烷残留的检测方法。     

氟化磷酸铟的合成与表征

以尿素与氯化胆碱的低共熔点液体同时兼做溶剂和模板传递剂,在离子热体系下合成了InF2 2(NH4)3.采用同样的低共熔点液体在水热条件下不能得到相同的产物.产物晶体参数如下:C2/c(No.15)空间群,a=13.799(3) ,b=5.091(2) ,c=16.094(3) , β=112.942(16)°,V=1041.2(5) 3 and Z=4; R1=0.0582,wR2=0.1589. 在产物结构中,In八面体与P四面体形成四员环,顶角相连形成链状结构.客体铵分子填充于链与链间的空穴中,通过氢键与骨架中的F原子,P—OH和 P O 基团作用,链与链间靠范德华力吸引进而形成层状结构.产物进一步通过粉末XR, EDX, IR, XPS和TG/DTA进行表征.     

Effects of organic solvents on two retinal pigment epithelial lipofuscin fluorophores,A2E and all-trans-retinal dimer

Gene and drug therapies are being developed to alleviate vision loss in patients with Stargardt’s disease and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). To evaluate the therapeutic effects of these treatments, organic solvents are routinely used to extract and quantify bisretinoid lipofuscin constituents, such as N-retinylidene-N-retinyl-ethanolamine (A2E) and all-trans-retinal dimer (ATR-dimer). By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we found that A2E and ATR-dimer were both altered by tetrahydrofuran (THF) and chloroform, but were stable in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) or methanol (MeOH). In addition, cyclohexane and ethanol (EtOH) did not alter ATR-dimer, whereas an alteration of A2E occurred in EtOH. On the basis of these findings, we designed processes II–IV, generated by modifications of process I, a routine method to measure bisretinoid compounds in vivo. Extra amounts of either ATR-dimer or A2E in mouse eyecups were released by processes II–IV versus process I. Efforts to clarify the effects of organic solvents on lipofuscin pigments are important because such studies can guide the handling of these fluorophores in related experiments.     

顶空气相色谱法测定盐酸头孢替安中残留溶剂——丙酮、二氯甲烷、乙酸甲酯

目的：建立一种气相色谱法同时测定盐酸头孢替安中有机溶剂丙酮、二氯甲烷、乙酸甲酯残留量的方法。方法：采用内标法顶空自动进样,在非极性弹性毛细管柱上进行分离,效果良好。结论：方法重现性好,定量准确,便于操作。结果：平均回收率;丙酮98．0％;-103．8％;二氯甲烷96．7％-102．O％;乙酸甲酯108．0％-102．5％;变异系数;丙酮1．5％,二氯甲烷2-2％,乙酸甲酯1．9％。     

氟化磷酸铟的合成与表征

以尿素与氯化胆碱的低共熔点液体同时兼做溶剂和模板传递剂,在离子热体系下合成了InF_{2 2}(NH₄)₃.采用同样的低共熔点液体在水热条件下不能得到相同的产物.产物晶体参数如下:C2/c(No.15)空间群,a=13.799(3) ,b=5.091(2) ,c=16.094(3) , β=112.942(16)°,V=1041.2(5) ³ and Z=4; R₁=0.0582,wR₂=0.1589. 在产物结构中,In八面体与P四面体形成四员环,顶角相连形成链状结构.客体铵分子填充于链与链间的空穴中,通过氢键与骨架中的F原子,P—OH和 P O 基团作用,链与链间靠范德华力吸引进而形成层状结构.产物进一步通过粉末XR, EDX, IR, XPS和TG/DTA进行表征.