中国耕地资源利用的“五化”态势与治理对策

认识耕地资源利用的态势并分析治理对策，探索区域适宜的耕地利用模式，是落实具有中国特色的“最严格的耕地保护”新战略的重要前提。当前中国耕地资源利用面临加剧的“非农化”“非粮化”“细碎化”“边际化”“生态退化”（以下简称“五化”）问题。文章在评估中国耕地“五化”时空变化态势基础上，从复杂成因、相态特征、责任主体认知差异、外部因子动态变化等方面分析“五化”治理的挑战，并获得相应的启示，以期为加快建设人与自然和谐发展的美丽中国提供管窥之见。

Five issues and countermeasures of China cropland resource use

Understand the cropland use situation, analyze management countermeasures, and explore the regional suitable cropland use mode are important prerequisites for the implementation of the strictest protection of cultivated land strategy with Chinese characteristics. At present, the cropland resource utilization in China is facing the five issues of non-agricultural, non-grain, fragmentation, marginalization, and ecological degradation. This study estimates the spatial-temporal changes of these cropland use issues in China, analyzes the challenges of cropland use governance from the aspects of complex driving factors, phase characteristics, cognitive differences of responsible subjects, and dynamic changes of external factors. On this basis, the countermeasures of cropland use are put forward to provide insights for building China into a more beautiful country with harmonious development between humans and nature.