大气14CO2观测：碳排放评估的新方法

我国作为碳排放大国，面临着碳达峰、碳中和（以下简称“双碳”）目标任务和国际碳减排压力。因此，准确的碳排放数据对于评估“双碳”目标和国际履约非常重要。联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）报告推荐将二氧化碳（CO₂）观测与大气反演结合来“自上而下”地校验“自下而上”的碳排放清单，并指出加入大气¹⁴CO₂观测可以更准确地校验碳排放清单。放射性碳同位素（ ¹⁴C）是化石源CO₂最准确的示踪剂，已被国际社会广泛推荐用于碳排放评估。文章基于大气¹⁴CO₂观测的国际发展趋势和国内的紧迫状况，建议加大支持力度，建立大气¹⁴CO₂观测网络；开展培训，统一相关标准，积极参与国际交流；尽快开展¹⁴CO₂观测与大气反演相结合的研究。以此使我国的碳排放研究水平与国际接轨，并提高碳排放数据的可靠性，进而服务国家的“双碳”目标和气候外交谈判。

Atmospheric 14CO2 observation: A novel method to evaluate carbon emissions

As an important carbon emitter, China faces the stress of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and international carbon reduction duty. The accurate data of carbon emissions are important to evaluate the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and fulfill the international duty of carbon reduction. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report recommends the combination of top-down atmospheric CO₂ observation with atmospheric inversion to verify the bottom-up inventory of carbon emissions, and the atmospheric ¹⁴CO₂ observation can make the verification more accurate. Radiocarbon (¹⁴C) is the most precise tracer of fossil fuel CO₂ and is widely recommended by the international community to evaluate the carbon emissions. Based on the international developing trends and the situation in China for atmospheric ¹⁴CO₂ observation, this study suggests to establish the atmospheric ¹⁴CO₂ observation network as soon as possible, with more supporting; to conduct training to unify the standard, and to participate in international exchanges; and to combine the ¹⁴CO₂ observation with atmospheric inversion to obtain the carbon emissions. The purpose of the ¹⁴CO₂ observation is to make the research level of Chinese carbon emissions in line with the international standards, to improve the reliability of carbon emission data in China, and then to serve the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and climate diplomacy negotiations.